“推定”和“视为”之语词解读？——以我国现行民事法律规范为样本

摘要

立法层面观察,＂推定＂和＂视为＂语词频繁适用于我国法律规范中。学界和实务界普遍认为两语词表达的分别是法律推定和法律拟制制度。然而,以我国现行民事法律规范为样本进行分析,却发现＂推定＂和＂视为＂语词并非与法律推定和法律拟制相对应：＂推定＂大多表达法律推定,但也表达法律拟制和注意规定;＂视为＂大多表达法律拟制,但也表达推定制度和注意规定。立法层面法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定语词适用的混乱状态必将导致司法层面对于＂推定＂和＂视为＂语词的解读困境。因此,应当在厘清法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定本质的基础上,用统一、明确的语词进行相应的制度表达。%From the legislative perspective,＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂ are often applied in the legal rules in China.Many people think that they respectively indicate the system of legal presumption and legal fiction.However,basing on the analysis of the existing civil legal rules in China,we can find that ＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂ are not corresponding with legal presumption and legal fiction： ＂presumption＂ mostly indicates legal presumption,but also expresses legal fiction and suggestive regulation,and,＂being regarded as＂ mostly indicates legal fiction,but also expresses legal presumption and suggestive regulation.The legislative troubled waters of words choice when indicating legal presumption,legal fiction and suggestive regulation must lead to the judicatory plight when interpreting ＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂.Therefore,when clearing the nature of legal presumption,legal fiction and suggestive regulation,these systems should be indicated by the uniform and specific words.