The aims of this study were to examine the advantage type,individual differences of gender, age and exercise levels among children and adolescents in exercise causality orientation.1368 students in primary,middle and high school were surveyed by questionnaires.The results showed that control orien-tation was the advantage orientation for children and adolescents,while impersonal orientation for 6-10 year-old,autonomy orientation for 11 -15 and 16-20 year-old students were advantage type respec-tively.The male was found to be impersonal orientation while the female was found to be control orienta-tion.The result displayed that there was no gender main effects for the three orientations.Age differences in autonomy orientation were found with the 11-15 and 16-20 year-old students reporting higher scores than the 6-10 year-old ones.No significant age differences in control and imperesonal orientations,and gender × age interactions in exercise causality orientation were found.The significant differences of exer-cise levels in autonomy and control orientations were found with the moderate and high exercise levels re-porting higher scores in autonomy and control orientations than the lower level.%本研究采用问卷调查法对1368名中小学生进行了调查，以检验其体育锻炼因果定向的类型、个体差异以及体育活动水平差异．结果显示，所调查青少年倾向于控制定向类型．6－10岁年龄段非个人定向为优势定向，11－15岁和16－20岁年龄段的优势定向均为自主定向．男生表现为非个人定向类型，女生则是控制定向类型．结果表明，三类锻炼因果定向均未发现显著的性别主效应（F（1，1366）＝1．76，p＞0．05；F（1，1366）＝3．71，p＞0．05；F（1，1366）＝3．23，p＞0．05）．自主定向存在显著的年龄主效应（F（2，1365）＝24．05，p＜0．01），11－15岁与16－20岁年龄段自主定向得分明显高于6－10岁年龄段．控制定向（F（2，1365）＝0．15，p＞0．05）与非个人定向（F（2，1365）＝1．4，p＞0．05）不存在显著年龄差异．没有发现显著的性别（2）×年龄（3）的交互作用（F（2，1365）＝0．57，p＞0．05；F（2，1365）＝1．56，p＞0．05；F（2，1365）＝1．4，p＞0．05）．不同体育活动水平的自主定向（F（2，1365）＝11．95，p＜0．01）和控制定向（F（2，1365）＝19．11，p＜0．01）有显著差异，中等和高体育活动水平的自主定向和控制定向显著高于低活动水平．
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