语言转向与20世纪西方文学理论的变迁

摘要

分析哲学、现象学－存在主义－解释学和以索绪尔为代表的语言学共同推动了20世纪人文社会科学的语言转向，影响了20世纪文学理论的思维方式，推动文学理论研究关注语言的建构潜能和文本的陈述形式，催生了不少新的文学理论命题，丰富了对文学的理解和解释。语言转向是在20世纪哲学反形而上学思潮、反本质主义这个大的文化背景下发生的，哲学更多地关注人生、艺术，语言成为哲学反思形而上学，进而反思哲学自身、思考生命意义的一个通道，这一点也在文学理论中打下了深深的印记。%Analytic philosophy,phenomenology -existentialism -hermeneutics and linguistics represented by Saussure com-bined to induce the linguistic turn of the humanities and social sciences in the 20th century,which influenced the thinking modes of the twentieth-century literary theory,propelling the literary study to concern the constructive potentials of language and the narrative form of texts,catalyzing lots of new issues in the literary theory,and expanding the understanding and inter-pretation of literature.The linguistic turn emerged under the cultural background of the grand anti-metaphysical trend and anti-essentialism in the twentieth -century philosophy,in which philosophy paid more attention to life and art,and language turned to be an approach for reflections on metaphysics and philosophy itself as well as the meaning of life.This has left a pro-found mark on the literary theory.