维特根斯坦哲学与禅宗哲学之比较

摘要

Wittgenstein philosophy and Zen Buddhism philosophy both emphasize syncretism of knowledge and action,so Wittgenstein's life style is the life way of his philosophy.Interestingly,Wittgenstein's life is very similar to Zen master in some degree."What cannot be said"and"show"in his early philosophy are respectively have the different approaches but equally satisfactory results with"Expression without Words"and"bang and bawl"in Zen Buddhism philosophy.Language games and form of life is two pillar of his later philosophy,which echo each other at a distance with"The normal mind is the way"of Zen Buddhism philosophy.Because of the importance position of them in the history of Chinese and western philosophy,there is no doubt that this kind of comparison between them is conducive to the dialogue between Chinese and western philosophy,and will deepen mutual understanding.However,standing in Zen Buddhism position,Wittgenstein did not vanquish affliction even remove affliction as Zen master,who has big gap with the"Scene"of Zen master.Certainly,Wittgenstein's wisdom that realized limit of language and infinite of metaphysics enough to make him become a great philosopher.%维特根斯坦哲学与禅宗哲学均强调知行合一,故维氏作风可谓其哲学的生命化.有趣的是,维氏作风与禅师风范在某种程度上很相似;其前期哲学中的"可不说"和"显示",也分别与禅宗哲学的"不立文字"和"棒喝"有异曲同工之妙;其后期哲学的两大支柱——"语言游戏"和"生活形式",则与禅宗哲学的"平常心是道"遥相呼应.由于两者在中西哲学史上的重要性,毫无疑问,对两者比较有利于中西哲学之间的对话,加深相互了解.不过,站在禅宗立场看,维氏并未如禅师那样降伏乃至于断除烦恼,与禅师气象相差甚远.当然,维氏悟到语言有限、形而上学无限的慧思,足以使他成为伟大的哲人.