摘要:检察官履行客观义务,存在内在矛盾和外部冲突。包括检察官作为控方当事人的角色与其作为司法官员的客观公正和中立性的矛盾,以及强化检察官客观义务所产生的关联效应,即由认可检察官优越地位,到强化职权主义的刑事诉讼构造,可能妨碍诉讼结构的平衡。解决以上矛盾在理论与实务上有不同路径选择。过高估计检察官承担客观义务的能力以及客观义务论的价值不符合刑事诉讼现实,同时应警惕客观义务论所跟进的制度安排,防止其破坏刑事诉讼的合理构造。但客观义务论仍是抑制“必要之恶”的有用设置,关键应当防止客观义务空洞化,因此应在客观义务本身的制度安排以及外部制度设置上作双向努力。%When prosecutors fulfill their objective obligations,there are both internal contradictions and external conflicts.The internal part means the contradiction between prosecutors’party duty and neutral and impartial demand from judicial officials at the same time.The external part means the correlation effect,from prosecutors’privilege position to the criminal lawsuits structure that reinforces authority principle,both of which might interfere with the balance of litigation structure.There are different ways to resolve the conflict theoretically and practically.Overestimating prosecutors’ability to carry out objective obligation and the true value of objective obligation do not meet the real requests of criminal lawsuits.Meanwhile,we should be cautious when dealing with the institutional arrangements related to objective obligation,in case these arrangements sabotage the reasonable structure of criminal lawsuits.However,objective obligation is still in need to suppress Necessary Evil ,especially to prevent the hollowing-out of objective obligation,so that efforts are needed from restructuring institutional arrangements and setting up outside system.
摘要:The independently published compilations are an important source for the study of Ming-Qing literary thought in that they provide a great deal of information concerning historical context.During the Ming and Qing China,a large amount of these personal collections were compiled,edited and sent for publication by their authors.Some of these texts have passed down to us.Yuan Hongdao was a critical figure in the field of Ming-Qing literary criticism.He published collected writings throughout the various stages of his intellectual and artistic development,making him very popular in Late Ming literary circles.The Biqie Collection includes Yuan’s early stage poetry,showing that his writing began with imitation but soon turned to innovation.It was in this process that his anti-classicalism was founded.A close reading of some poems in the Biqie Collection demons.trates the high value of independently published compilations for the study of Ming-Qing literary thought.%在中国文学思想史研究的各种文献来源中,文人小集是最能反映历史语境的一种。明清文人小集有大量刊刻并保存至今,为研究者追溯文学史发生的原生态过程提供了方便。袁宏道是明代文学思想史上的关键性人物,其诸种小集的刻印和流传,塑造了他在晚明文坛的形象。其早期的《敝箧集》,反映了他诗歌写作从模拟转向独创,反对拟古的理论主张从萌芽到确立的微妙过程。《敝箧集》的例子,可以说明在明清文学思想史研究中重视文人小集的必要性。
摘要:This paper uses the index of exchange rate marketization to elastically analyze the effect of market-oriented reform of exchange rate on short-run international capital flows,collecting data from January 2003 to December 2012.On this basis,we use VAR model to analyze the effects of exchange rate,interest rate and the asset prices on the flows of short-run international capital.The results show that the exchange rate has the greatest impact on short-run international capital flows,followed by asset prices,and finally by interest rate.Therefore,we should speed up the exchange rate reform to guide the rational flow of short-term international capital.%以汇率市场化指数和汇率预期为代表的汇率因素对短期国际资本流动的影响最为显著,其次是以股票价格和房地产价格为代表的资产价格因素,最后是利率因素。因此,加快汇率形成机制的市场化改革,增强汇率变动的灵活性,进而弱化人民币单边升值(贬值)预期,是合理引导短期国际资本流动的重要举措。
摘要:This paper analyzes the historical,social and business contexts of the emergence of Apple Animated News in Taiwan from the perspective of sociology of journalism and communication.It considers the political environment,cultural ambience,economic pattern,life customs and technological foundation as components of Taiwan’s social form,and presents a summary of the characteristics of Taiwan’s current social form.Political wrangling after Taiwan’s lifting of martial law has turned media into a weapon for the Pan-Blue and Pan-Green Coalitions to attack each other,Prevalent desinicization in Taiwan leads to cultural vulgarization,which provides a strong cultural ambience for the popularity of Apple Animated News,structural defects in Taiwanese economy causes a normalized survival panic in its citizens,who have developed a structural dependency of news media as a result,the entry into the digital era makes Taiwanese citizens highly depend on the Internet and mobile phones,rapid progress in tri-network integration has laid the technological foundation for the wide spread of Apple Animated News.Due to a limited population,overly dense newspaper publishing,declining newspaper readership,the deep entry into and carving-up of Taiwanese news market by foreign media capital,as well as competition from illegal radio stations,vicious competition has arisen in Taiwan’s news media market.Huge pressure from audience rating forces the industry to make continuous innovations in format and technology.In such a context,Next Media grasped the opportunity to develop towards the direction of digital omnimedia and created the strategically leading news product with five innovations-Apple Animated News.Its emergence in Taiwan is an objective and inevitable consequence of Taiwan’s current social form and the media industry’s environment of competition and innovation.%台湾戒严结束后,媒体成为蓝绿阵营互相攻击的工具;陷入低俗化的文化风气为苹果动新闻的流行提供了浓厚的文化氛围;经济形态的结构性缺陷,导致台湾民众陷入常态性生存恐慌,造成对于新闻传媒的结构性依赖;随着数字化演进,台湾民众对于网络和手机形成了高度依赖;三网融合的快速推进,为苹果动新闻的广泛传播奠定了高技术基础。由于报纸密度过大、阅报率不断降低、外媒资本分割台湾新闻传媒市场,以及地下电台的冲击,造成台湾新闻传媒产业的恶性竞争。在收视率的巨大压力下,台湾新闻传媒产业不得不进行业态创新和技术创新。在此背景下,壹传媒以数字化全媒体报业为发展方向,开发出具有战略引领性的新闻产品---苹果动新闻。该产品在台湾的出现,是台湾现在的社会形态、媒体竞争与创新环境的客观必然。
摘要:There is still a gap in regional economic development in China.The less developed regions,in pursuing regional economic wealth and production value,prefer rapid economic growth to the economic quality development,which results in destroying sustainable development of regional economy.Based on the perspective of tourism industry integration,this paper analyses economic development pattern in less developed regions,and explores how to make use of tourism industry integration development to promote the healthy growth of regional economy.In the end,this paper discusses the roles of three elements,that is,resources,market and technology,in the tourism industry integration in less developed regions.%目前我国经济发展目前仍存在着区域经济发展不平衡的问题,欠发达地区为了追求区域经济发展,往往倾向于较为快速的经济增长方式而忽略经济发展的质量,这不利于区域经济的可持续发展。以旅游产业融合的视角分析欠发达地区经济发展的模式,研究如何利用旅游产业融合发展的方式带动区域经济健康成长,以及从资源、市场、技术三要素探讨欠发达地区旅游产业融合的实现路径,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
摘要:Embracing decent work as a worker’s legitimate rights and interests is an important move of the Chinese government,which not only embodies the latest international consensus of securing the freedom,dignity and other fundamental values of workers,but also reveals the demands of Chinese society for achieving social justice.Realization of decent work requires new ideas together with the elimination of institutional barriers.Applications of legal peremptory norms,guiding norms,directing and leading policies must be integrated to establish a support system which can effectively solve problems in the realization of decent work on four dimensions,concerning respectively the protection of the rights,policy integration,intensive promotion and flexible adjustment.%我国将体面劳动纳入保障劳动者合法权益的重要目标,既体现了国际社会实现劳动者自由、尊严等基本价值的最新共识,也是我国实现社会公平正义的时代要求。实现体面劳动需要观念更新、消除制度障碍,也需要统筹运用法律的强制性规范、指引性规范、指标性政策和引导性政策的综合支持体系,以有效解决实现体面劳动过程中的权利保障、政策整合、重点推动和灵活调整四个层面的问题。
摘要:普利策新闻奖的嘉奖辞发挥着多重社会功能:提名委员会用提名辞来筛选出少数入围者;普利策奖委员会用颁奖辞来合法化所生产的奖项;颁奖辞有助于新闻从业者形成自己的“诠释社群”;在颁奖礼上被当众宣读的颁奖辞发挥着仪式性的功能;嘉奖辞也是一扇展示奖项形象的窗户。尽管普利策新闻奖颁奖辞短小而简单,但其话语实践却颇为复杂:大多数颁奖辞是创造性而非机械性的,是意见型而非事实型的;共同奖的颁奖辞有两种不同的话语策略;在某件作品或某位参评者是否体现了新闻传统方面,提名委员会和普利策奖委员会之间存在巨大的认知差距。%This article focuses on the citation of the Pulitzer Prize in journalism,the awarding citation in particular.Its citation exercises multiple social functions,the juries use short-listing citation to select a few finalists,the Pulitzer Prize Board utilizes awarding citation to legitimate the award produced by it,the awarding citation helps journalists form their interpretive communities ,the awarding citation read in public at the award presentation ceremony exerts a ritual function,and the citation also serves as a window for the award image. Although the awarding citation of the Pulitzer Prize in journalism is very short and simple,its discursive practice is quite complex,most of the awarding citations are not mechanical but creative and most of them are not fact but opinion-typical,the joint awards have two different discursive strategies,and there is a huge cognitive gap between the jury and the Board as to whether an entry or an entrant embodies journalistic tradition.
摘要:The creation of National People’s Congress helped establish the general principles of modern politics at the beginning of new China.Excluding the idea of the universal suffrage on the basis of the relatively low national quality,the Chinese Communist Party instituted a series of democratic principles for general election at the First National People ’s Congress,and went on to explore and experiment with the theories of socialist democracy in the election practice of 1950 . At the same time,the voter identity confirmation of citizenship effectively coordinated the relationship between the elite politics and the mass democracy,thus strengthening the so.cial and political identity of the new country,and laying a solid foundation for modern politics in China.%人民代表大会制度的创立,为中国现代政治确立了普选原则及其制度。中国共产党反对以国民素质普遍较低为由否定普选的观念,围绕第一届全国人民代表大会的召开,确立了一系列具有充分民主内涵的普选原则,在1950年代的普选实践中进一步对社会主义民主的理论和制度进行了有益的探索。同时,以选民身份来确认公民身份,有效协调了精英政治与大众民主的关系,从而加强了社会政治认同,为中国现代政治发展奠定了基础。
摘要:The human capital investment that employees actually perceive is different from what enterprises claim or implement.The differences in perception may have an impact on the effect of investment. This paper adopts questionnaire method and investigates 289 pairs of employees and their supervisors who are client managers in state-owned banks.The purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of enterprise human capital investment and employees’perception of investment on job satisfaction,and the impact of perceptual differences on the relation between human capital investment and job satisfaction.%企业宣称的或执行的人力资本投资政策与员工实际感知到的人力资本投资是存在差异的,这种差异可能会影响人力资本投资的效果。通过对某国有银行289对主管和员工进行问卷调查,对数据进行分析,可以得出以下结论:(1)人力资本投资与员工工作满意度正相关;(2)人力资本投资感知是人力资本投资与员工工作满意度的中介变量,企业的人力资本投资行为通过影响员工的人力资本投资感知来影响其工作满意度;(3)主管和员工对人力资本投资的感知差异调节着人力资本投资对员工工作满意度的影响。
摘要:Officials have the characteristics of the economic man ,capable of both corruption and being not corrupted.The final action of an official depends on the internal cost and income analysis.The decision space that the internal cost and benefit analysis construct depends on the quality of the system construction and the person’s sense of shame (face thickness).Improvement on the quality of system construction depends on surveillance on a short-term basis,but in the long run,it will depend on the re-allocation of government power.The official’s personal sense of shame should be based on continued strong ideological and moral education.The system construction and moral construction must be based on the change of corruption and cost-benefit comparison decision space to make the official not dare to corrupt,not think of corruption,and not able to corrupt,eventually forming a dynamic mechanism of actively rejecting corruption.%官员具有“经济人”的特征,既有实施腐败行为的可能,也有不实施腐败行为的可能,其最终行动取决于内在的成本收益分析。内在成本收益分析建构的决策空间依赖于制度建设的质量和官员个人的羞耻度。提高制度建设的质量,中短期依赖监督纠错的能力,长期依赖政府权力的重新配置。而官员个人的羞耻度则须依赖持续有力的思想道德教育。制度建设和道德建设须立足改变腐败成本收益对比的决策空间,才能使官员不敢腐败、不想腐败,也不能腐败,从而引导形成官员主动抵制腐败的内生动力机制。
摘要:The community granary is a very important part of the local storage system in ancient China. Built in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty,the community granary in Xinjin County,Sichuan Province consisted of warehouses in the 3 townships of Changle,Taiping and Xingyi,all under the management of the jingshou,or the Granary Director,who was generally selected from the local gentry by the rural residents. Community granaries were mainly responsible for the grain loan,the selling and renting of lands in the local area.In the late Qing Dynasty,there was a fundamental change in the management mode of these granaries. They stopped grain loan business,and focused on land renting.Consequently,the responsibilities of the director were greatly reduced to management of community granary on behalf of the local government.In addition,there were increasing conflicts of interest between the Director and rural residents,and between the Director and his predecessors.Therefore,members of the local gentry were more and more reluctant to fill the position.Contrary to the conclusions of many previous studies,state control for the storage system was increasing,and the interest and enthusiasm of the local gentry in Xinjin County in the management of local affairs were weakening.This is .also a hint for the strengthening of national intervention in local affairs in the period of the Republic of China.%社仓是中国古代民间仓储制度的重要组成部分。清代新津县的社仓始建于乾隆时期,分别建于长乐、太平、兴义三乡,并由社仓经首经管。社仓经首是社仓的管理者,由民间公举地方士绅担任,主要负责社谷的借贷,社田置买、租佃等工作。清末,新津县社仓的经营模式发生了根本性转变。社仓取消了借贷谷物、收取息谷的做法,以管理社田、收取田租为主要经营方式。社仓经首的职责与选任也随之转变,社仓经首大多是代替地方政府行使管理仓储的职责,其自主权力减少。同时,社仓经首与粮户之间、新旧社仓经首之间的矛盾也越演越烈,导致越来越多的地方士绅纷纷推诿,不愿担任此职。这一现象,恰恰与以往学者的研究相反,晚清时期新津县国家控制仓储的能力加强,而地方士绅参与地方事务的兴趣却呈现出减弱的趋势。这也为民国时期国家加强对地方事务的干预埋下了伏笔。
摘要:The most severe challenge threatening the current state governance is a variety of irrational and anti-rationalism factors deeply rooted in the collective unconsciousness of the government . Such unconsciousness does not fit well with the construction of modern state and consequently has given rise to nationwide problems.To encourage and promote strategic evolution of the state governance,it is significant to demonstrate that state governance is not only carried out openly and independently,but also is based on China ’s national situation.For this purpose the modernization of state governance must be guided by the principle of fairness and justice,highlighting the rule by law,observing democracy and science,in practice,we should push for the transformation from the rule by men to the rule by law in the governance system,from duality to trialism in structure,and from government monopoly to pluralism in mechanism.%当前国家治理面临的最大挑战,是“集体无意识”的非理性和反理性因素导致无法完成现代意义上的“国家构建”而发生国家治理的“现代性欠缺”,由此引发各种危机。基于中国国情,推进国家治理的战略性演进,需要展现国家治理的开放性与自主性。国家治理现代化必须以公平正义为价值导向,基于法治、民主与科学的治理品质要求,作出正确的价值选择;在实践中,需要在治理制度层面推进“人治”到“法治”的转变,在治理结构层面推进“二元”到“三元”的转变,在治理机制层面实现“政府垄断”到“多元协同”的转变。
摘要:睿宗是高丽王朝最崇道的国王,其道教信仰和崇道政策受到高丽王室的信道传统和他身边道流人物的影响。睿宗举行的斋醮活动都是出于护国佑民、祈福禳灾的现实目的。他大力推动引进宋朝道教的政策,除了为提升高丽道教水平之外,更重要的目的是为了全面学习中国文化,并借助道教树立本国文化的主体地位。%Yejong was the king who worshipped Taoism most during the Goryeo Dynasty in Korea.His Taoist belief and religious policies were influenced by the tradition of Taoist faith in Goryeo Royal Family and the Taoist worshippers around him.The Taoist Rites he performed were practically to bless his subjects and country and to get rid of calamities.He strongly brought in the Taoist policies of Song Dynasty to promote Goryeo Taoism.Besides,the more important aspec.t is to learn Chinese culture thoroughly and set up the dominant position of national culture through Taoism.
摘要:为了避免失误并不断改进,主管不但需要上级的提点,也需要下属的谏言。用问卷法采集了442对主管-下属对偶数据,分析了主管的家长式领导(仁慈、德行、威权三个维度)对下属进谏行为的影响及其发生机制。研究发现:主管的仁慈领导、德行领导对下属的进谏行为具有积极影响,威权领导对下属的进谏行为则具有消极影响;主管的仁慈、德行、威权领导通过主管-下属关系的中介作用影响下属的进谏行为。讨论了这一现象的理论贡献并提出了激发员工进谏行为的管理对策。%The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of superior’s paternalistic leadership on subordinate’s voice behavior,and investigate the mediating effect of superior-subordinate guanxi in Chinese context.The results of regression analysis showed that superior’s benevolence and moral leadership has positive effect on the voice behavior of subordinates,whereas authoritarianism has negative effect.Superior-subordinate guanxi mediates the relationship between paternalistic leadership and voice behavior.Finally,the theoretical and empirical implications of this study are discussed.
摘要:The early Ming closing up of its coast was due to the demand of national defense.It should not be considered as the general policy of the Ming toward the outside world.Such a policy indeed affected its foreign trade in a certain degree,nevertheless,during the Ming times,both the government and private sectors were deeply involved in foreign trade activities.The so-called tributary relationship of the Ming dynasty with its surrounding nations also reflects its intention of communicating with other nations rather than being isolated from them.It was during the Ming era that the Europeans opened up the new routes of global transportation and carried out their colonial practice in Asia,which pulled China to become one of the major players in the newly developed global trade system.It was also during the Ming era that silver,firearm,and corn of foreign origin were introduced into China,accelerating China’s monetary and financial changes,the way of warfare,the productivity,and even population growth.The activities of the Jesuits in China also enhanced the communication between Chinese and European civilizations which have never been broken upon ever since that era.Meanwhile,the Ming China kept frequent and close political and economical exchanges with inner Asian nations.Through these examinations,this study concludes that China during the Ming era was not a stagnated society,or a self-enclosed society,but rather,it was a semi opening society,meaning a society opening towards the world with certain limits.S.uch a feature is a logical reflection of the Ming society of imperial agric-mercantilenature in its foreign relation.%明朝初年的“海禁”是针对倭寇侵扰而行的国防政策,不是对外总体国策。明代官、私皆有很大对外贸易量。明朝通过朝贡关系保持与周边国家往来,主要体现出当时中国非孤立立国的方式。明代正值欧洲国家在新航路开辟之后对亚洲积极殖民、贸易的时代,欧洲东来各国拖动中国深深卷入了全球性贸易体系。白银、火器、玉米等西方事物进入中国,推动了中国货币财政体制和战争方式的变化,以及生产力水平和人口数量的上升。耶稣会士进入中国,促成了中欧两大文明体系间空前深入且再未中断的交流,既丰富了中国文化,也影响了欧洲的人文景观。明代中国还通过陆路与中亚多国保持政治、贸易往来。综合而言,明代中国不是停滞的社会,也不是封闭的社会,应归纳为有限开放的社会。这种有限开放性是当时中国帝制农商社会基本特质在对外关系方面合乎逻辑的体现。
摘要:Verboseness and Terseness are two important oppositional categories in Chinese classical literary criticism.The views of scholars on this point varied in different dynasties.After the ancient literature movement of Tang and Song,the ancient style prose replaced the rhythmical prose characterized by parallelism and ornateness.Writers studied the history books,and brevity and terseness were highly appreciated.In the Qing dynasty,people reinterpreted the theory on the verboseness and terseness,once again transforming the traditional views.%“繁”与“简”是中国古代文学批评史中重要的对待性范畴。历代繁简观并不固定。唐宋古文运动以后,散体古文代替了骈文的流行,史籍进入散文家学习效法的视野,简洁渐成古文的审美标准。清人基于文章学内在理路,借助汉学、骈文学勃兴的外在机缘,对繁简理论进行了新的阐发,重新发掘出繁复的价值,古典文章学中的繁简观再次变异。
摘要:Since the online peer to peer lending was brought in China in 2007,it has developed rapidly. Risk control is the foundation for the development of the industry.As the lending platform frauds frequently with uncertain risks,it is urgent to have a proper regulation of P2P.At present,China Banking Regulatory Commission has been determined as the regulator of P2P.However,contents of supervision are not set in China.Therefore,based on the game relationship between the regulator and P2P companies,the regulator should promote the P2P industry development by self-regulation,setting the threshold and strict penalties and so on.%自2007年 P2P 借贷模式第一次出现, P2P 网络借贷平台诈骗频发以及各种风险的不确定性,都使得对 P2P 的监管刻不容缓。目前,我国 P2P 监管已经确定归口于银监会,但是具体监管内容还未出台。因此,针对 P2P 行业中监管机构和被监管机构的博弈关系,监管部门需要通过加强自律、设立入行门槛、建立严苛的处罚机制等手段来规范 P2P 网络借贷行业的发展。
摘要:帛书《五行》篇的六个“色”字读为“譺”,训为“敬”,皆文从字顺。可见“色然”本当作“譺然”,也就是崇敬的样子。如果读为“然”,训为惊恐的样子,上述六句没有一句能读通。而且,从“啬”得声的字,也没有一个有“敬”义的。以此来看《论语・乡党》篇的“色斯举矣”,“色”读为“”显然不如读为“疑”。%AnaleAbstract The character se 色 in se si ju yi 色斯举矣 in Book Ten Xiang Dang乡党) of thects should be read as yi 疑.The six se 色in the bamboo book Five Elements五行and the character se 色in the word se nan 色难in Book Ten Xiang Dang乡党) should be read as yi 譺in the sense of respecting .The character yi 易in the word xian xian yi se in Book One Xue Er学而) should be read as ti 惕in the sense of loving and se 色in this context should be read as yi 譺 in the sense of respecting .
摘要:从文本来看,马克思对“历史观”概念的直接使用存在两种情形:一是马克思本人的“独著”没有出现一处“历史观”术语,但阐明了他的历史观原创内容;一是他与恩格斯的合著多次出现了“历史观”术语并具体阐明了马克思历史观一些原创性内容,但始终没有让“历史观”与“唯物主义”联袂出场。马克思历史观的原生态既非黑格尔绝对精神史观延伸,也非费尔巴哈人本主义史观延伸,而是一种面向共产主义的历史观。它主要包括两个侧面:一是坚信人类社会历史存在一个面向共产主义的趋向,其中“资本主义生产方式”是人类抵达共产主义必经之途;二是发现每一个社会形态都有一种占统治地位的生产方式,其中的“生产力”在《资本论》及其手稿中乃是包含着主观的精神性因素在内的“社会现象”或“历史现象”,因此,应该把它在经济学领域的丰富内涵融入历史唯物主义科学系统。%There are two situations in which Marx is connected to the term view of history .First Marx never used view of history in his own works though he did express original ideas on this matter-secondly the term view of history appears many times in works Marx coauthored with Engels and they expounded the concept but it never appeares together with the concept of materialism .Marx's original conception of history is neither an extension of Hegel's absolute spirit nor that of Feuerbach's humanistic conception of history.It is rather a communism-oriented outlook of history with two aspects of meaning one is a firm belief of a tendency of human society toward communism and of the capitalist mode of production as the necessary path to reach that destination the other is a discovery that every society has a dominant mode of production in which the productivity according to Das Kapital and other manuscripts is a broad concept involving subjective mental factors and thus is a social phenomenon or a historical phenomenon .Therefore the economic concept of productivity should be taken as an integral part of Marx's scientific system of historical materialism.
摘要:宋代僧众内部唱和基本采用教禅话语系统,与僧、俗二众之间唱和大多采用士人话语系统颇不相同,这种内、外有别的话语系统使得僧人唱和具有双重文学形态和审美标准。颂古唱和可以说是僧众内部唱和最具原创性的方式,这种唱和给宋代以士大夫为主流的诗歌唱和增添了新的样态;僧众之间的应请应求、寄赠答谢诗歌让俗众窥探到僧众的生活情状与情感;《东林和尚云门庵主颂古》、《无象照公梦游天台石桥颂轴》、《一帆风》等唱和集的留存,展示出僧众内部唱和的方式与规模。僧众内部唱和为已经十分繁荣的宋代唱和文化增补了更加丰富的方外内涵与形态。%The monks in the Song Dynasty basically used the linguistic system of Buddhism and Zen in their poetic presentation and response which was very different from the linguistic system shared by both monks and men of letters in their poetic presentation and response.Such difference in the linguistic systems used internally and externally made monks obtain double literary pattern and aesthetic standard.The presentation and response of the Buddhist song is the most original form of poetry among the monks adding new literary forms to the poetry presentation and response popular with men of letters.Both the presentation and response in gratitude by means of poetry among the monks showed how lively and passionate the lives of the monks were to men of letters.The Buddhist Song by Donglin Monk The Buddhist song by Wuxiang Zhaogong on His Dream Journey to the Stone Bridge of Tiantai and A Blow of Wind -all these poems show the way and scale of the monks poetic presentation and response.
摘要:The 2007 international financial crisis made people realize the limitation of the traditional simplified treatment of financial departments.Both the government and academic cycle have begun to research the relationship between finance and economy.The principal-agent model of bank and depositor shows that financial volatility can represent the financial friction and the whole economic efficiency depends on financial friction.By conducting an empirical test on financial volatility and other primary macroeconomic variables by VAR we find that a main resource of economic volatility is financial friction and that putting financial friction in the model can improve the model's prediction ability.%2007年国际金融危机的爆发使人们逐渐认识到传统的将金融部门简化处理方式的局限性,政府和学界都开始着手于金融部门与经济关系的研究。通过银行和其储户建立的委托代理人模型显示,金融波动性能够反映金融摩擦的变动,而金融摩擦又直接决定了经济的整体效率。利用向量自回归模型对金融波动性和中国其他主要宏观经济变量进行实证检验,研究结果表明经济波动的一个重要的来源是金融摩擦。由金融摩擦引致的金融波动性的变化与实际经济变化是正相关的,将金融摩擦纳入模型能够改善模型的预测能力。
摘要:中国民本思想的传统源远流长,“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”一语集中表达了这样一种政治理念,即把人民视为邦国的根本,把政治视为固本安邦的神圣事业。民本思想发展至孟子,可以说得到了理论上最为成熟、系统而全面的阐发。孟子从民本的立场对于政治本质或政治事务的根本特性有着深刻的理解,他把政治看作是一项实现人民的真正意愿和保障民生需要的人类事业,而所谓的君、王以及王道仁政都只不过是实现这一根本政治目的的手段和方法而已。%China has a long-lasting tradition of people-oriented thought.A clear expression is the statement that People are the foundation of state and the state is stable only when the foundation is firm . Mencius has given a most mature systematic and comprehensive explanation of the people-oriented thoughts. This paper argues that Mencius from this perspective has a deep understanding of the nature of politics or fundamental characteristics of political affairs.Mencius sees politics as a realization of the genuine will of the people and as a human endeavor to safeguard the livelihood of the people and the monarch the king and the policy of benevolence or benevolent government are only the means and methods to achieve this fundamental political purpose.
摘要:当前严峻的经济形势和发展的历史遗留问题迫切要求我们转变思路,变社会管理为社会治理。当前,民众的需求已经迈向马斯洛需求层次的“归属与爱、自尊和自我实现”的高级层次,建设民生政府是群众的新期盼。这就要求政府把一部分社会职能还给社会,政府要专注于提供公共服务,维护竞争环境。社会组织充分发展并能够协助政府承担部分职能的时候,就是国家新的社会治理结构形成之时。%Based on the review of the development of the spirit of contract this paper analyzes the current difficulties and problems in China's course of development and it is deemed that the current severe economic situation and the problems of development left over by history urgently require us to change ideas and to move from social management to social governance.At present the needs of the people have turned to Maslow's senior level of hierarchy of needs that is love and belonging esteem and self-actualization and the construction of the government concerning about the livelihood of the people is the new hope of the masses.It requires the government to return a part of social functions to the society and the government should focus on the provision of public services and the maintenance of the competitive environment.On this basis this paper presents some policy proposals for the development of the social organization mainly from the aspects of the growth of society and social spontaneity.When the social organizations have full development and can take partial functions of the government the new structure of the social governance of the country is formed.
摘要:就技术层面而言,八股文的创作是一个“拆分”、“重组”的过程:先将题文内容拆分开来,再按照八股文的体式要求调整、变化、结撰成文。“顺题成文”与“因体立格”是八股文最基本的两种结撰模式。“顺题成文”立足于题文内容,依据题文自身的叙述顺序安排文章的基本结构。“因体立格”则是根据文体格式的需要,对题文内容的顺序或逻辑结构加以调整,最终以规范的八股文体式完成表述。成功的八股文,务必兼顾题文与体式,既要准确、妥贴地阐述题文内容,又要突出八股文的文体特征。因此,如何在“顺题成文”和“因体立格”之间做选择,如何处理好题文与体式之间的微妙关系,便成为八股文作者首先要面对的难题。然而,也正是两者之间的张力关系,在“拆分”与“重组”的过程中,为八股文的写作提供了最重要的创作空间。%In terms of writing skills composing an Eight-legged essay includes two parts of work that is split and reorganization.The writer splits the topic content first and then makes adjustments and changes according to the form of Eight-legged essay. Shun ti cheng wen and Yin ti li ge are two basic writing rules of Eight-legged essay. Shun ti cheng wen is based on the topic content which means arranging the basic essay structure according to the narrative order of topic itself.And Yin ti li ge means adjusting the order or the logical structure of the topic content according to the form of Eight-legged essay so that the writer can finish the expression with a normative Eight-legged essay form.In order to create a successful Eight-legged essay the writer must give consideration to both the topic and the form the topic content must be expressed precisely and appropriately the characteristic of essay form must be highlighted as well.Consequently how to make a choice between Shun ti cheng wen and Yin ti li ge and how to manage the subtle relationship between the topic and form become the difficulties faced by the writer of the Eight-legged essay.However the most important creative space can be supplied to the Eight-legged essay writing in the process of split and reorganization just because of the tensile relationship between the topic and form.
摘要:In the era of Big Data new changes are taking place in communication between the government and the public.It is imperative to establish the system of open government data which is more elaborated and more interactive.The Open Data Movement originated in the American society has so far become the international trend in terms of reinventing government initiated by the countries such as Britain and the U.S.As for China the top priority is to reform the government data management system which has brought about many problems.On such ground setting up a unified network platform of open government data serves as a carrier to narrow the information gap to improve the condition of information asymmetry between the government and the public and therefore to guarantee the citizens'right to know.%随着“大数据”时代的到来,政府与公众之间的信息沟通有了新的变化,建立更为精细、便于公众互动的政府数据开放制度已成为大势所趋。数据开放最初源于美国的民间运动,此后在英美等国的倡导下成为了改革政府的国际趋势。中国前期信息化建设和政府信息公开制度尚存有问题与不足,因而应当从制度框架方面改革政府数据管理体制,为搭建统一的政府数据开放平台奠定基础;在运行载体方面,建立统一的政府数据开放平台,缩小公众与政府间的信息鸿沟,改善政府与公众之间信息不对称的状况,为公众行使知情权提供有力的技术支持和物质保障。