515名维吾尔族居民膳食营养状况调查

摘要

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族居民的膳食营养状况.方法 以2012年7-8月在乌鲁木齐市与伊犁地区开展的膳食营养与代谢相关疾病的调查为依据,纳入居住时间>5 a的维吾尔族居民515名.采用24小时回顾法、食物频率法(FFQ)科学合理地设计调查问卷,询问调查人群的一般特征与各种食物的膳食摄入情况.结果 与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(2016)建议的各类食物摄入量相比,调查对象膳食结构中粮谷类、水果类、畜禽肉类摄入量达到或接近宝塔要求;蔬菜类、蛋类的摄入量低于宝塔建议值;乳类、盐、油脂类的摄入量高于宝塔建议值.进一步从营养素摄入水平分析,与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)相比,调查对象能量、维生素B1、铁的摄入量达到或接近DRIs;碳水化合物、维生素A、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、锌的摄入量均低于DRIs;蛋白质、脂肪的摄入量超过DRIs.从推荐的三大产热营养素产热分配比例来看,调查对象蛋白质、脂肪的产热比例分别为16.4%和36.8%,高于推荐比例,而碳水化合物供能比为46.8%,低于推荐比例.结论 调查对象的膳食结构尚不合理,已出现高蛋白、高脂肪膳食模式的倾向,部分调查对象维生素、矿物质摄入量偏低.建议居民调整饮食结构,食物种类应多样 化,增 加 粗 杂 粮、蔬 菜、豆 制 品、鸡 蛋、海 产 品 等 食 物 摄 入,控 制 油 脂 和 盐 的 摄 入,从 而 达 到 合 理 营 养 的目的.%Objective The dietary survey data of 515 Uyghur residents were analyzed in order to guide resi-dents'dietary nutrition.Methods Based on the investigation of dietary nutrition and metabolism related diseases in Urumqi and Yili from July to August in 2012,the Uyghur residents living for more than 5 years were included in this study.The results were as follows:515.The 24 hour retrospective method and the food frequency method (FFQ)were used to design a questionnaire to investigate the general characteristics of the survey population and the dietary intake of various foods.Results Compared with the food intake recommended by Chinese balance dietary pagoda of Chinese residents,subjects'intakes of cereals,fruits, poultry meat reached or got close to the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda,vegetables and eggs intakes were bellowed the pagoda recommended value,dairy,salt,oil intakes were more than the pagoda recommended value.Furthermore,compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs),subjects′intakes of energy,vitamin B1 ,iron reached or got close to the DRIs,carbohydrates,vitamin A,vitamin B2 ,vitamin C,calcium,zinc intakes were bellowed the DRIs,protein,fat intakes were more than DRIs.The energies from protein and fat were 16.4% and 36.8%,which was higher than those of the recommended ratios, while carbohydrates was bellowed the recommended ratio(46.8%).Conclusion The dietary status of subjects was not very reasonable,and the tendency of high protein and high fat dietary pattern appeared. Futher more,the vitamins and minerals were intaken at the low level in some subjects.We recommended that residents adjust their dietary structure and diversify food types,increase food intake of coarse grains, vegetables,soy products,eggs and sea food,reduce the intake of fat and salt to achieve reasonable nutritional goals.