James O ’ Connor started his ecological marxism with the reconstruction of historical materialism .In his academic norks of “Natural Resons-Research on Ecological Marxism” ,he makes it clear that there is no ecological thoughts in Marxism ,and that ,in order to open the perspective of ecological dimension ,it is necessary to reconstruct the cultural dimesnsion and natural dimension in historical materialism .The paper discusses James O’ connor’s rebuilding of historical materialism from the aspects of w hy and how to reconstruct the cultural and natural dimensions .He recised the trational Marxism and the new Marsism and established the ecological relationship between humans and nature . T his is a logical starting point of his study of ecological marxism .%詹姆斯·奥康纳以对历史唯物主义的重建作为其生态学马克思主义思想的逻辑出发点。在其学术力作《自然的理由-生态学马克思主义研究》一书中明确指出马克思主义没有生态思想，为了开启其生态维度的视阈，必须重新建构历史唯物主义中的文化维度和自然维度。文中从文化维度、自然维度为什么需要重建和如何重建两方面论述了詹姆斯·奥康纳对历史唯物主义的重建。詹姆斯·奥康纳修正了传统马克思主义和后来新马克思主义的缺陷，建立起了人类和自然界的生态关系，为其开展生态学马克思主义思想的研究奠定了逻辑起点---包含有文化维度和自然维度的历史唯物主义。
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