论语言表达的空间视角

摘要

Space is a primary cognitive object for mankind, and perspectives are one of our most basic cognitive styles. Space perspectives refer to several specific relations between observers and objects, and transform linguistic coding forms by influencing one‘s psychological construal of space scenes. Based on cognitive linguistics, space perspectives can be resolved into four basic categories as observation location, observation distance, observation range and perspective movement. Several compound categories including observation modes and direction of viewing flow from the interactions among the basic categories. Spatial perspectives are not only important factors affecting human languages, but are also closely related to the special usage of “up”and“down”, and the ambiguity of direction determination in the horizontal dimension in modern Chinese.%空间是人类最原初的感知对象，视角是人类最基本的认知方式之一。空间视角体现为空间场景中观察者与观察对象之间的诸多具体关系，通过影响人们对空间场景的心理识解来改变语言的编码形式。在认知语言学基础上，空间视角可以分解为观察点位置、观察距离、观察范围、视角运动性等基本范畴，各范畴间相互作用，又形成了观察方式和观察方向等复合范畴。视角各范畴不仅对人类语言产生了普遍影响，还与现代汉语方位词“上、下”的特殊用法，水平维度方位判定歧义等具体语言现象有着紧密联系。