个人主义：当代政治哲学争论的焦点之一

摘要

The debates of contemporary political philosophy will ultimately focus on individualism no matter what the initial question is. As a defender of individualism, liberalism is indivisible from individ- ualism. Conservatives, communitarianism, republicanism, or socialism all target the individualism of liberalism. As a response to the criticism, liberalism defends or modifies individualism, resulting in many liberalist viewpoints and perspectives. The debates about individualism suggest that today＇s socie- ty labeled with modernity be but one of the possibilities. However, one point is for sure, that the very existence of the various schools of thinking and their debate and conflict is a kind of value per se, and to protect this kind of value is the fundamental meaning of liberalism.%当代政治哲学争论的许多问题最终都聚焦于个人主义。自由主义是个人主义的捍卫者，它与个人主义有着不可分割的联系，而无论是保守主义、共同体主义还是共和主义甚或社会主义，都把矛头指向自由主义的个人主义。面对批评，自由主义或辩护个人主义或修正个人主义，由此形成了众多自由主义的立场和观点。围绕着个人主义而展开的争论说明，各种思想的冲突、争论和多元的存在本身就是一种价值，维护这一价值正是自由主义的基本意义。