From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,China faced unprecedented turbu-lence that had never been seen during the previous 3 ,000 years and a predicament of saving China from subjugation. It also witnessed an explosive growth of“the sense of cultural hell”in parallel with“the revolutionary trend”among the Left. All this made China in the past two centuries“a country of revolution and centuries of revolution”. The school education,placed in such a society,was greatly affected by the politics,which means that not only the political education but also the whole school system was politicized and revolutionized,hence the saying“education is politics”. Sociologically speaking,there was a duet between the structure (i. e.“I have to act”)and the agency (i. e.“I would like to take action”),in which the revolutionary Peking University was born. As a matter of fact,after the Nationalist Party came into power,schools at all levels commonly regarded the party doctrines as the key to education;the political education pursued the ideas of the party;the country as well as the education was ruled and managed according to the party doctrines;and the party was indis-pensible to all political education facilities. The Nationalist Party once wished to strengthen its one-party dictatorship by education. Although the effort failed,it has left many questions worthy of further consideration.%自清末国门被开至民国年间，中国面临“三千年未有之大变局”与救亡图存之困境，“文化地狱感心态”与左翼“革命主义”思潮并行疯长，遂使19-20世纪中国的“历史的天空”，成为“革命的国度革命的世纪”。置身其中的学校打上了深深的政治烙印，毋用说其政治教育，甚至连学校教育本身也都政治化、革命化了，堪称“以政治为教育”。在“必须充当”与“主动担当”这对结构与行动的二重奏中，诞生了“革命的北大”。国民党执政后亦在全国各级学校普遍实行党义教育，政治教育奉行党的主义，以党治国、治教，一切政治教育设施，以党为前提。国民党这种寄望巩固其永久一党专政之地位的教育盘算已然落空，留下的问题值得后人深思。
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