从孔孟美学思想看先秦儒家美学研究

摘要

虽然孔子的著作中并没有直接讨论美学的文段，但是其中体现的美学思想已经渐成隐形体系，因而被认为是中国古典美学的先河。社会现实与伦理政治是孔子美学的出发点与归宿，所以孔子美学具有非独立型与实践性。孟子无疑是对孔子思想的发展，此外，孟子将“儒家道德隐形体系”显型化，其中自然包括美学的思想，即便如此，孟子也依然是从人生的道德境界上来谈美学的。学界一般认为这是由于先秦诸子的思想受制于“原始思维的天人不分的混沌、模糊思维的影响”，但是在笔者看来，这是由于孔孟美学不以自身的感性素质启迪审美的自由，而将其印证道德的自由。“美是理念的感性显现”，孔孟美学显然把强调重心放在了“理念”之上。%Although the writings of Confucius did not directly discuss aesthetics of this paragraph, but which embodies the aesthetic thought of already gradually into stealth system, and therefore is considered to be of Chinese classical aesthetics. Political social reality and ethics is the starting point and the home of Confucius aesthetics, so Confucius aesthetics has the independent model and practicality. Mencius is the development of Confucius' thought, moreover, Mencius will "Confucian moral stealth system" phenotype, including natural aesthetics thoughts, even so, Mencius still from the moral realm of life aesthetics. Academic circles generally believe that this is due to the thoughts of pre-Qin scholars is subject to "the original thinking of all the chaos, the influence of the fuzzy thinking between heaven and man", but in my opinion, this is due not to own perceptual quality enlightenment aesthetics of Confucius's freedom, and to confirm the moral freedom. "Beauty is the sensible appearing of idea", Confucius aesthetics obviously put emphasis on center of gravity in the "concept".