日语“邀请”言语行为的表达形式及其汉译

摘要

本文从语用学的角度分析了日语“邀请”言语行为的表达形式和汉语翻译的问题。通过分析，指出「ないか」涉及的是作为独立主体的听话者的意志，而「よう（か）」涉及的是将听话者包含在内的由说话者和听话者构成的复合主体的意志，因此在实施“邀请”，尤其是初次邀请的时候「，ないか」比「よう（か）」更加礼貌、得体。此外，还探讨了如何汉译的问题，强调语用等效翻译的重要性。希望通过本文的研究，能对日语学习者掌握“邀请”言语行为有所帮助。%This paper analyzes the expressions of“invitation”in Japanese and their Chinese translations from a pragmatic point of view. Through the analysis, the author points out that「ないか」involves the will of the listener as an independent subject, and the「よう(か)」involves the will of both the listener and speaker. Therefore, for“invitations”, especially initial invitations,「ないか」is more polite and appropriate than「よう(か)」. Also, the author explores Chinese translations of these expressions, stressing the importance of semantic equivalence in translation. It is hoped that through this paper Japanese learners can better master the expressions of“invitation”.