需求分析是开展语言教学的首要阶段，其相关理论常用于外语课程改革和教学大纲设计的研究。语言测试作为对教学内容的检核和评估的手段，其测试内容的设计与需求分析也有明显的关联，但从需求分析的角度来探讨语言测试的相关性研究论述较少。文章对需求分析模型和语言测试真实性原则进行论述，并以IELTS听力试题为例阐述需求分析与交际语言测试真实性的相关性，探讨语言交际测试原则中真实性的实现途径，发现语言测试只有始终与持续性的语言需求分析相结合，客观反映受试者的语言水平，才能保障测试的真实性。%Need analysis is the fundamental step of language TEFL curriculum innovation and syllabus design, language testing, teaching activity, which is routinely applied to as the method of teaching evaluation, is highly correlated with need analysis, but the relative researches about language testing are rarely carried out from the perspective of need analysis. This article aims to illustrate the relationship between need analysis and authenticity of communicative testing theory and explore the ways to achieve authenticity of language testing based on the review of need analysis models and authenticity, with the listening items in IELTS as the example. It is argued that the language proficiency of test takers can be assessed objectively and the authenticity of the tests can be guaranteed only if continuous need analysis could be employed in language testing.
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