中英立法文本语言特点对比及英汉翻译

摘要

Legal translation is an act of cross-cultural communication, while the main task of translators is to produce texts with the same legal function. To realize that, legal translators have the obligation to make careful analysis on the linguistic features of both source and target legal language. As to English-Chinese translation of legislative texts, since there exists noticeable diversity as well as similarities of linguistic features between the two texts, the translation shall be expressed in featured legal Chinese so as to realize the legal function of the original text, to avoid ambiguity and therefore to achieve precisely its communicative purposes.%　　中文立法文本与英文立法文本在篇章结构、句法、词法等方面存在大量相似的语言特征，表现在：二者均遵守法律语言的语用原则；都体现了高度程式化的语篇特点；都属于冷冻体语篇，具有极强的权威性、庄严性；都大量使用结构紧密、说理完整的长句；都存在大量法律专业术语。但二者亦存在着显著的差别化语言特色，如二者在法律专业术语的词源、构成方式、理解的难易程度等方面均存在较大差异；在句子的长度、引导法律规范行为模式的语言标记以及名词化的表现形式等方面也存在明显不同之处。在立法文本英译汉的过程中，译文的表达应尽量符合中文法律语言的表达习惯，符合中文读者的阅读习惯，以更好地实现原文具有的规范功能和提供信息功能，避免读者对译文产生歧义和费解，保证译文的准确性交际目的。