7种主要储粮害虫耐低温能力研究

摘要

在实验室研究了7种重要储粮害虫赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolest ferrugineus(Stephens)、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus)、烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)、谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica(Fbricius)、米象Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)、药材甲Stegobium paniceum(Linnaeus)成虫对不同低温条件的耐受性.试验分别设置6个不同的温度梯度(5、0、-5、-10、-15、-20 ℃).在5℃条件下分别处理2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16 d;在0℃条件下分别处理30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240 h;在-5℃条件下分别处理5、10、15、20、25、30 h;在-10℃条件下分别处理1、2、3、4、5、6h;在-15℃条件下分别处理20、40、60、80、100、120min;在-20℃条件下分别处理5、10、15、20、25、30 min.记录7种试虫在不同低温下处理不同时间的死亡率.研究结果表明,5℃低温处理16 d,7种试虫除药材甲、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹有极少量存活以外,其余均全部死亡.0℃低温处理240 h,7种试虫死亡率均达到100％.-5℃低温处理30 h,7种试虫除赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹有极少量存活以外,其他试虫死亡率均达到100％.-10℃低温处理6h,7种试虫除锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗有极少量存活以外,其他试虫死亡率均达到100％.-15℃低温处理240 min,7种试虫死亡率均达到100％.-20℃低温处理30min,7种试虫除锈赤扁谷盗有极少数存活以外,其他试虫死亡率均达到100％.%The cold tolerance of seven important stored-grain insects,Tribolium castaneum Herbst,Cryptolest ferrugineus (Stephens),Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus),Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius),Rhyzopertha dominica (Fbricius),Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus),and Stegobium paniceum (Linnaeus) adults,was studied in the laboratory.The experiments were conducted at six different temperatures:5,0,-5,-10,-15 and-20 ℃.The insects were treated at 5 ℃ for 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,and 16 d;at 0 ℃ for 30,60,90,120,150,180,210 and 240 h;at-5 ℃ for 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 h;at-10 ℃ for 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h;at-15 ℃ for 20,40,60,80,100 and 120 min;and at-20 ℃ for 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 min.The mortalities of seven tested adults were investigated after exposure to different low temperatures for different periods.The results showed that all the tested adults were dead after 16 d of exposure at 5 ℃,except very few individuals of S.paniceum,C,ferrugineus and R.dominica;all the tested adults were dead after 240 h of exposure at 0 ℃;all the tested adults were dead after 30 h of exposure at-5 ℃,except very few individuals of T.castaneum,O.surinamensis,R.dominica and C.ferrugineus;all the tested adults were dead after 6 h of exposure at-10 ℃,except very few individuals of C.ferrugineus and O.surinamensis;all the tested adults were dead after 240 min of exposure at-15 ℃;all the tested adults were dead after 30 min of exposure at-20 ℃,except very few individuals of C.ferrugineus.