缓步威伪蝎对主要储粮害虫捕食作用及捕食行为的研究

摘要

为明确缓步威伪蝎对储粮害虫的捕食作用与效果,评价捕食性天敌在仓储行业使用的可行性,采用行为学和模拟功能反应的方法研究缓步威伪蝎对几种主要的储藏物害虫的捕食作用及捕食行为.结果发现:缓步威伪蝎捕食谱广泛,能捕食9种常见的储藏物害虫,尤其偏好捕食赤拟谷盗和嗜卷书虱,对烟草甲的捕食作用最差;缓步威伪蝎对赤拟谷盗捕食行为过程分为寻找、捕获(钳住猎物)、麻痹、吸食汁液和休息5个过程;缓步威伪蝎对赤拟谷盗3龄幼虫日捕食量最大为19.0头/d,对3龄烟草甲日捕食量最小为1.2头/d;缓步威伪蝎对3龄嗜卷书虱的捕食功能反应研究结果表明,嗜卷书虱在10～160头的密度范围内符合Holling II模型,其中理论最大捕食量为78.7头,发现域为0.03 m2.说明了缓步威伪蝎对常见的储粮害虫均有一定的捕食作用,可以有效地防治赤拟谷盗和储粮书虱.%In order to clarify the predation function and efficiency of Withius piger (Simon, 1878) against stored grain pests and to evaluate the feasibility of application predatory natural enemies in the warehousing industry, the predation effect of W. piger on several stored product pests were studied by behavior observation and simulation function response. The results showed that W. piger could prey on 9 kinds of stored product insects, especially preference prey on Tribolium castaneum and Booklice. The poorest predatory effect was on Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius. The process of predation behavior W. piger on T.castaneum consisted of 5 steps:searching, catching (clamping prey), paralyzing, sucking body fluids and rest. The results of comparison predation number with difference stored product insects showed that the predation number against 3 rd-instar larvae of T.castaneum was the highest with 19 individuals per day and the fewest predation number was 1.2 individuals per day against3 rd-instar larvae of L. serricorne. The predatory and searching efficiency of W. piger on the third-instar larvae of Liposceli bostrychophila was studied. The results showed that the predatory functional response of W. piger fitted better to Holling Equation II when the densities of L. bostrychophila were from 10 to 160 individuals. The maximum predatory amounts daily for L. bostrychophila was 78.7 individuals. The search area was 5.99 m2. All the results indicated that W. piger had predation effect on several stored products insects and could be used as prey enemies to control the T. castaneum and booklice efficiently.