社会公共利益原则的合同法适用

摘要

The principle of social public interest is one set up by Chinese law itself.The social public interest stipulated in Item 4, Article 52 of the Contract Law, which can nullify a contract, shall be defined in a narrow sense.It shall be limited to the specific requirements as put forward within the law system, and distinguished from social public morality and public policies. Public interest is un-distributable, unrealistic and without a certain subject.Personal rights and public interests are different in nature.Conflicts between public interests and personal rights shall be balanced with principle theories, while personal rights shall be given initial priority.Where public interest is unobvious or uncertain, the validity of a contract shall be protected.There are four types of social public interests, namely those of basic rights protection, state-owned property protection, public security protection and legal orders protection.%　　社会公共利益原则是中国法律确立的原则。《合同法》第52条第4项致合同无效的社会公共利益应采狭义说，以区别于社会公德和公共政策，仅限于法律体系内部所提出的确定要求。公共利益具有不可分配性、非现实性、主体不特定性等特征，个人权利与公共利益不具有同一性。公共利益与个人权利的冲突需要采用原则理论进行价值权衡，且个人权利具有初显优先性，在公共利益不明显或不确定时，应维护合同效力。社会公共利益存在基本权利保护型、国有资产保护型、公共安全保护型和法秩序维护型等四种类型。