日语的形容词谓语句的句法结构——从认知语言学的角度

摘要

日语的形容词谓语句的句法结构可以运用认知语言学关于句法结构分析的原型范畴理论结合典型事件模型进行梳理,据此可以依次整理出形容词谓语句中的各个成员和话者的认知视野变化的关系.其中,形容词谓语始终位于话者视野的中心焦点区域,话者的视野扩大至重点注意区时产生了原型"Aは形容詞",话者清晰地描述重点注意区域内的各要素时产生了典型成员"Aは対象/局部主語が形容詞",当话者视野最大化至可见的最大范围时,产生了非典型成员"两者之间的比较句",以及边缘成员"三者以上的比较句"和"形容词谓语句的疑问词疑问句及其答句".%The syntactic structure of the adjective predicate sentence in Japanese can be analyzed by the prototype category theory of cognitive linguistics.And the relationship between the various members of the adjective predicate sentences and the change of the cognitive visual field have been classified.Among them, the predicate is always located in the F area, and when the field of vision expands to the OS area, prototype emerges.When each element in the OS area is clearly described, typical members emerges.When the field of vision maximum to the MF area, atypical members and edge members emerges.