汉语认识情态表达'可能''也许''大概''恐怕'用法对比分析

摘要

Using the 1729-million-word corpus zhTenTen [2011] as data and the software Sketch Engine (SkE) as the analyzing tool, this study examines the collocational behavior of a set of four near synonyms (‘kěnéng’, ‘yěxǔ’, ‘dàgài’ and ‘kǒngpà’).The results show that the frequency of ‘kěnéng’ is nearly 7 times of ‘yěxǔ’, which is twice of ‘dàgài’, which in turn is nearly twice of ‘kǒngpà’.In addition, there exists few overlapping in terms of collocates of the four expressions, which shows the usages of the four words are quite different.Thefindings have implications for the compilation of dictionaries of Chinese synonyms as well as TCSL.%以17亿词的汉语语料库为研究语料,借助第四代语料库检索工具Sketch Engine,调查"可能"、"也许"、"大概"和"恐怕"用法上的异同.研究发现:这四个认识情态表达在整体使用频数上存在较大差异:"可能"是"也许"的近7倍,"也许"是"大概"的2倍多,"大概"是"恐怕"的近2倍;而且这四个词的典型搭配词极少重合,这表明这些词的用法存在较大差异.此研究发现对近义词工具书编纂和对外汉语教学都有一定的启示意义.