联邦管控、自由市场与新中产阶级:对1958 年美国《国防教育法》的再审视

摘要

学界已有研究对《国防教育法》存在一定的误读.《国防教育法》并非艾森豪威尔政府对苏联人造卫星升空的应激反应,而是第二次世界大战后美国联邦政府调整战时的教育政策,实现"强政府"与"强市场"联合、扩大对教育的干预的必然趋势;而对"科学"的强调也并非是政策托辞,它一方面反应了新中产阶级崛起、进而实现自身身份定位的重要抓手,另一方面承载着"强政府"与"强市场"的联合在社会结构中的实质定位.%There has been some misinterpretation of the National Defense Educational Act of 1958 in the academic field.The Act was not the radical react to satellite crisis from the Soviet Union,but the inev-itable result of the federal government's adjustment to the educational policy after the World War II, which aimed at the alliance of the "Strong Government"and the "Strong Market"and at the expansion of the Federal control in education.On one hand,its emphasis on "Science"was not just the policy excuses, but the inevitable result of the emerging New Middle Class establishing their identity;on the other hand, it undertook the substantial orientation of the alliance of the "Strong Government"and the "Strong Mar-ket"in the social structure.