青藏高原大气和雪冰黑碳的空间分布特征

摘要

青藏高原为亚洲主要河流提供水资源.青藏高原周边地区排放的黑碳气溶胶经大气环流可被传输至高原内部,并沉降到雪冰表面,对降水和冰川物质平衡产生重要影响.回顾近十几年来青藏高原大气和雪冰黑碳空间分布特征.结果表明:青藏高原大气黑碳浓度在空间分布上呈现出由外围向内部逐渐降低、由低海拔向高海拔指数降低的趋势;从季节变化看,西风气候区大气黑碳浓度夏季出现高值,季风气候区则冬、春季出现高值;青藏高原雪冰黑碳含量具有同大气黑碳浓度相一致的季节变化特征,并在空间分布上呈现出由南向北增加、由低海拔向高海拔降低的趋势.%Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the source of major rivers in Asia.Black carbon (BC) aerosol emits from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow,which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers.Spatial distribution of atmosphere and snow black carbons in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was reviewed.The results show that the concentrations of atmosphere black carbon gradually decrease from the outside to the inner of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and exponentially decrease with the increase of elevation;the concentrations of atmosphere black carbon in the westerly region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show high values in summer and low values in winter,whereas those in the monsoon region present high values in winter and spring seasons,and low values in summer;the contents of snow black carbon have the same seasonal characteristics of the concentrations of atmosphere black carbon,and decrease from the southern to the northern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and linearly decrease with the increase of elevation.