长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物多样性的研究

摘要

In the present study the species composition, species dominance and characteristics of macrobenthic fau-na were investigated and evaluated in 10 sampling stations from four survey cruises in Yangtze River estuary on Sep-tember, October, November and December, 2012 to understand the environment in shoals of the Yangtze River es-tuary and adjacent regions by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( Hˊ) , Pielous species evenness ( J) , species a-bundance ( d) , and Berger-Parker dominance index ( Y) . A total of 37 macrobenthic species were found in tidal flats of Yangtze River estuary in 2012, with dominant benthic fauna of crustaceans, molluscs and polychaetes, av-erage biomass of 13. 33 g/m2 in the tidal flats of Yangtze river estuary during four months, and average abundance of 50. 06 ind. /m2 . The index Hˊwas ranged from 1. 35 to 1. 89, the J value ranged from 0. 40 to 0. 54, and the d value varied from 4 . 64 to 5 . 16 . There was the maximal biomass and abundance of molluscs in the macrobenthic fauna tested, with the dominant species of Elachisina sp. , Sesarma dehaani, Helice tientsinensis and Corophium yo-lutatator. The hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis ( NMDS) revealed that the macrobenthic community in Yangtze River estuary was divided into two groups, September and October group, and November and December group. Abundance and biomass comparison ( ABC ) curves indicated that macrobenthic community was heavily affected in November and December, and moderately affected in September and October, indicating that more attention is needed to pay to the benthic ecosystem in Yangtze River estuary due to the unfavor-able interference with the macrobenthic community and diversity.%为了解长江口及其邻近水域滩涂的环境状况,于2012年9—12月对长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物种类组成与数量分布进行了调查,并用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、 Pielous种类均匀度、种类丰度和Berger-Parker优势度指数等4个指标参数分析了物种多样性。结果表明：调查所采获的底栖动物种类共有5门37种,主要由甲壳动物、软体动物和多毛类动物等组成；长江口及其邻近水域滩涂9—12月4个月的平均生物量为13.33 g/m2,平均丰度为50.06 ind./m2；4个月中, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数( Hˊ)为1.35~1.89,种类均匀度(J)为0.40~0.54,种类丰度(d)为4.64~5.16；4个月各类群生物组成中,生物量及丰度均以软体动物居首位,长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物主要种类有微小螺Elachisina sp.、无齿相手蟹Sesarma dehaani、天津厚蟹Helice tientsinensis和卷曲裸嬴蜚Corophium yolutatator；应用等级聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序分析发现,9月、10月为一组,11月、12月为一组； ABC曲线结果显示,长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物11月、12月受到严重干扰,9月和10月也受到了一定程度的扰动。研究表明,长江口及其邻近水域滩涂底栖动物群落受到不同程度的干扰,有必要加强对长江口及其邻近水域底栖动物生态系统的修复。