不同储藏条件下玉米真菌多样性研究

摘要

研究不同含水率玉米在温度为20、25、30、35℃及相对湿度为70％～80％、80％～ 90％、≥90％条件下储藏过程中霉菌数量、种群组成、Simpson优势度指数和优势微生物种群变化动态.结果表明:从不同含水率玉米中分离到的优势霉菌主要是青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、根霉属(Rhizopus)和镰刀霉属(Fusarium),玉米含水率为10.04％和14.72％时,优势霉菌为青霉属和曲霉属;玉米含水率为19.41％时,优势霉菌为曲霉属中灰绿曲霉和黄曲霉.霉菌多样性特征与玉米的储藏环境有关,温度低且玉米含水率低时,霉菌的多样性大,优势度小;而高含水率玉米的霉菌多样性小,优势度大.含水率和温度对玉米脂肪酸值变化有显著影响,玉米含水率和储藏温度越高,脂肪酸值含量越高.%The mold quantity, population composition, Simpson dominance index and dynamic changes of dominant species groups,in maize with three moisture contents,four temperatures and three relative humidity were studied in this paper. Penicillium,Aspergillus,Rhizopus and Fusarium were isolated from maize with different moisture contents. Penicillium and Aspergillus were dominant in the maize with 10.04% and 14.72% moisture contents,while in the maize with 19.41% moisture content,Aspergillus glaucus and Aspergillus flams were dominant. It was found that the diversity features of molds were related to the storage environment. Greater diversity and lower dominance index presented in the maize with lower moisture content and temperature,while lower diversity and larger dominance index were demonstrated in the maize with high moisture content. Moisture content and temperature had significant effect on the amount of fatty acid values. The higher the moisture content and temperature were,the greater the fatty acid value was.