论中国古代社会“礼治”与“法治”的合流及其利弊

摘要

In the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods,a hundred schools of thought contended.“Rule of courtesy”advocated by the Confucianist and“rule by law”advocated by the Legalists were always in rivalry due to the conflict of their Philosophies of“close and distant’and ‘equality’.Qing Dynasty advocated ‘harsh laws’to “burn books and bury scholars”,while Han Dynasty abandoned‘harsh laws’to“only admire Confucianism”.However starting from emperor Wu of Han,the philosophy of“courtesy”and“law”gradually merged together to form China special“Courtesy and Law”,which has profound influence on ancient china society.But during the coalesce of “courtesy”and “law”in the history of China,the philosophy of“Courtesy”dominated the philosophy of“Law”that was far away from conventional‘law”from the legalists.We would not like to witness“harsh laws”of Qing Dynasty,while the subsequent“Courtesy and Law”isn’t what we want today. Advocating the philosophies of Confucianism needs the procedure to take excellency and discard dross with caution,not blindly advocating.%春秋战国时期，百家争鸣，儒家所崇尚的“礼治”与法家所推崇的“法治”因其倡导的“亲疏”与“平等”理念的矛盾而始终处在互相抗衡的状态，秦朝推崇“苛法”而“焚书坑儒”，汉代则废除“苛法”而“独尊儒术”，而从汉武帝时期，“礼”与“法”逐渐合流，形成了中国特色的“礼法”，对中国古代社会产生了深远的影响。但中国历史上的“礼”“法”合流，是以“礼”绝对控制“法”，而此时的“法”与传统的法家之“法”已相去甚远。我们不愿再见秦时的“苛法”，但后来的“礼法”亦非今人所欲。对儒家伦理的提倡需要慎而又慎地去粗取精，万不可盲目推崇。