非离子表面活性剂十二胺辅助水热合成氧化锌纳米粉体及其光催化性能研究

摘要

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared via hydrothermal method at 160℃for 24 h using zinc chloride as raw material, ammonia as alkali source and non-ionic surfactant dodecylamine (DDA) as template, respectively. The phase of the resulting product was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the morphology and microstructure were characterized by ifeld emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The experimental results show that all the samples are pure zinc oxides with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The samples in the absence of DDA were nanorods with 2-10μm in length and 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter. Increasing the DDA amount, the homogeneity of the samples is increased, and the morphology was changed from nanorods to nanoparticles with the particle size about 80-100 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic ability at room temperature. After 120 min irradiation, the degradation degree of 10 mg/L Congo red dye was close to 100%.%以氯化锌为原料、氨水为碱源，添加非离子表面活性剂十二胺(DDA)为模板剂经160℃水热24 h制备了氧化锌纳米粉体。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析了产物的组成结构，并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品的显微形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明，制备的样品为六方纤锌矿结构的氧化锌。在不添加DDA的条件下，水热产物为长2-10μm、直径0.5-0.8μm的一维纳米棒；随着DDA添加量的增大，样品的均匀性提高，同时由纳米棒转变为纳米颗粒，粒径大小为80-100 nm。室温下该纳米颗粒具有优异的光催化性能，在光照240 min后对质量浓度为10 mg/L的刚果红的降解率达到100%。