基于原型理论的英语词典义项排列模式研究

摘要

It’ s difficult for lexicographer to divide and order senses of polysemy within entries in English dictiona-ries.Senses in dictionaries are usually arranged according to certain principles or methods.This paper reviews the three basic principles of sense ordering ———historical sequence, frequency and logical sequence———and their pros and cons as well.It also summarizes some other derivative principles and methods of sense ordering. On this basis, the paper explores the theory of prototype and the application of this theory in sense ordering of dictionaries.It is showed that the sense ordering model based on prototype theory plays an optimized role which can be used as a supplement for other sense ordering.Meanwhile, it also discusses its inadequacies and the most serious one concerns how to establish the principle and standard for prototypical sense.%多义词的义项划分与排列一直是词典编撰的难题，义项排列通常需要遵循一定的原则和方法。回顾了义项排列的历史发展、使用频率和逻辑关系三大基本原则及其利弊，同时还归纳了其他一些衍生的排列原则和方法。在此基础上，探讨了原型理论以及该理论在词典义项排列中的应用，指出借鉴原型理论能对义项排列起到一定的优化作用，可以作为其他排列方法的一种补充。在肯定原型义项排列法优点的同时，还讨论了其不足之处，其中最重要的一点便是原型义的确立原则和标准。