交易成本视角下标准必要专利禁令救济滥用的司法规制

摘要

近年来,标准必要专利禁令救济滥用成为国内外学界和实务界关注的热点问题.围绕FRAND许可声明下禁令救济的成立条件及应否授予,学界产生了一系列争议,并且各国司法对其审理规则存在差异.鉴此,以交易成本为视角从源头上梳理和探究其司法规制路径才是正确的分析方法.通过以交易成本为视角来审视标准必要专利的性质、FRAND许可声明的效力以及滥用禁令的原因,认为司法规制的路径是:"不发禁令为原则、颁发禁令为例外";禁令的颁发直接取决于FRAND许可谈判中被诉侵权人过错的有无或大小;采用列举的方式来规定FRAND许可谈判中当事人的过错;对主观故意的当事人适用惩罚性赔偿以加大威慑力度.%In recent years,the abuse of injunctive relief of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) has become a challenge for scholars and practitioners worldwide.There are several arguments regarding the establishment conditions and grant of injunctive relief under the FRAND license of SEPs in the academic community,and international jurisdictions differ in the trial.Therefore,it is the right way to analyze and explore the path of judicial regulation from the perspective of transaction cost.From the perspective of transaction costs,by examining the nature of the SEPs,the validity of the FRAND licensing statement and the reasons for the abuse of the injunction,this paper argues that the path of judicial regulation is: the injunction shall not be issued in principle,but only granted as an exception; the issue of injunction is directly related to the existence or extent of the fault of the alleged infringer in the negotiation of the FRAND license; the enumeration method is used to stipulate the fault of the parties involved in the FRAND licensing negotiation; and punitive damages are applied to the party with deliberate infringement to increase the deterrent effect.