五行之水行背后的概念借代和隐喻

摘要

This paper, as one part of our research into the cognitive mechanisms behind the Five Elements, aims at revealing the conceptual metonymies and metaphors behind SHUI ' Water' in the ancient and modern Chinese language. The same 3 conceptual metonymies are found in the semantic network of WATER in both ancient and modern Chinese, namely WATER FOR FEATURES OF WATER, WATER FOR FLUID, and WATER FOR ACCUMULATION OF WATER. Ancient and mod- ern Chinese also share 3 conceptual metaphors, namely A(N) PHENOMENON/OBJECT WITH FEATURES OF WATER IS WATER, HUMAN BODY IS A BODY OF WATER and STATE IS WATER. Yet in ancient Chinese there is in addition the metaphor REPLACEMENT OF DYNASTIES IS REPLACEMENT OF THE FIVE ELEMENTS, while in modern Chinese there is EVENT IS WATER. We think that these differences can be attributed to the diachronic semantic changes and the critical in- heritance of the Five Elements Theory by the modern Chinese people.%本文是我们关于五行概念背后的认知机制研究的一部分，探讨古代和现代汉语中水行背后的概念借代和隐喻。语料分析发现，古汉语中和现代汉语中均存在概念借代[水代水的特征]、[水代液体]和[水代水的聚集体]，以及概念隐喻[具有水的特征的现象／物体是水]、[人体是水体]和[状态是水]。古汉语中还存在概念隐喻[历运更替是五行更替]，现代汉语中则存在概念隐喻[事件是水]。我们认为历时语义变化以及现代中国人对五行思想的批判继承是产生差异的主要原因。