果蔬采后内部损伤无损检测研究进展

摘要

Fruits and vegetable constitute an important part of human daily diet because they contain some necessary nutritional elements,such as vitamin,mineral salt and plant fiber.Fruits and vegetables are prone to mechanical damage during postharvest operations,which will reduce the eating quality.Meanwhile,both fruits and vegetables can be easily infected with fungi or bacteria (such as late blight,dry rot and soft rot) once they are injured,which in turn can infect normal ones.Bruise damage occurs under the skin of fruits and vegetables without its rupture.Bruised fruits and vegetables are easily confused with normal ones,causing potential economic losses and food safety hazards.Thus,bruise detection has been attracting more and more attention.This paper reviews the mechanism of mechanical damage with respect to consequent physiological and physical changes and the state-of-art progress in the detection of bruise in postharvest fruits and vegetables by taking advantage of optical,thermal,acoustic and electromagnetic properties.Potential difficulties and furure research directions are proposed.%果蔬产品含人体所必需的一些维生素、无机盐及植物纤维等营养元素,是人们日常膳食的重要组成部分.果蔬在采后处理过程中容易遭受机械损伤,不仅会降低果蔬自身外观品质,而且使果蔬容易受到真菌或细菌侵染,造成腐烂(如晚疫病、干腐病、软腐病等),影响其食用安全性.受侵染果蔬在运输、贮存等过程中会感染正常果蔬,进一步扩大经济损失.由碰压引起的内部损伤因损伤果蔬和正常果蔬外部特征差别不明显,容易相互混杂,对果蔬外观及食用品质造成潜在危害.因此,识别并剔除有内部损伤的果蔬日益引起国内外学者的注意.本文从果蔬损伤后发生的生理和物理变化角度入手,阐述了无损检测技术应用于内部损伤检测的机理,并综述了利用光、热、声和电磁学特性检测果蔬采后内部损伤的研究进展,最后指出了研究难点和今后研究方向.