食物成分对肠道菌群结构的影响

摘要

The gut microbiota is an important"microbial organ"of the human body and plays an important role in digestion and absorption,nutrition metabolism,immune function activation,intestinal barrier and regulation of body behavior.The interaction between the gut microbiota and the human body is affected by many factors such as genotype,diet,living environment,life habit,delivery mode,antibiotics and so on.Diet is the most likely to control or change factor. Food ingredients contains the substrate of gut microbiota metabolism, and which affects the structure and function of gut microbiota in a variety of ways.The long-term,relatively fixed diet makes gut microbiota stable, and the gut microbiota changes as the diet changes. The variability of gut microbiota reveals the possibility of dietary interventions for the adjustment of gut microbiota and disease treatment. This paper reviewed the impact of diet habit, food ingredients and its metabolites on the gut microbiota,aiming to provide further understanding of how diet modulates the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota and new ideas to regulate them through diet.%肠道菌群是人体重要的"微生物器官",在食物消化吸收、营养代谢、免疫功能激活、肠道屏障和机体行为调控等方面起着至关重要的作用.肠道菌群与人体之间的相互作用关系受到宿主基因型、饮食、生活环境、生活习惯、分娩方式、抗生素等因素的影响,其中饮食因素是最容易控制或改变的因素.食物成分中含有肠道菌群代谢所需的底物,并通过多种方式影响肠道菌群的结构和功能.长期相对固定的饮食结构使肠道菌群趋于稳定,当饮食结构改变时,肠道菌群也会发生相应的变化.肠道菌群结构的可变性揭示了饮食干预手段应用于肠道菌群结构平衡的调节和疾病治疗的可能性.就饮食结构、食物成分及其代谢物对肠道菌群结构的影响进行综述,旨在为未来研究饮食干预调节肠道菌群,预防疾病提供参考和新的思路.