铜绿假单胞菌WJ-1降解原油特性

摘要

从蒙古林油藏地层水中筛选和驯化得到一株兼性厌氧烃降解菌WJ-1,经生理生化测试和16S rDNA鉴定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌.为了研究菌株WJ-1降解原油的性质,利用该菌株对新疆、中岔口、大庆江桥、蒙古林等油田的不同黏度的原油进行了微生物降解实验,分析了微生物降解作用对原油饱和烃、芳烃、非烃以及胶质和沥青质等组分在原油中相对含量、组成和结构的影响.原油棒薄层分析结果表明:微生物作用引起原油性质发生明显变化,各原油中胶质、沥青质、非烃类含量均降低10%以上;气相色谱分析结果表明:原油饱和烃中轻组分含量相对增加,重组分含量相对减少;芳香烃中的菲组分相对减少.黏度和凝固点分别平均降低45%和6℃,原油的流动性增强.多孔介质中的物理模拟实验表明:在不同黏度原油(新疆、中岔口、大庆江桥,蒙古林)的驱油实验中,菌株WJ-1能在空白水驱的基础上分别提高原油采油率4.78%、5.15%、7.39%、9.02%.%A hydrocarbon-degrading facultative strain WJ-1 was isolated from the formation water of Menggulin oil reservoir and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the physiological-biochemical tests and 16S rDNA technology. In order to investigate the biodegradation characteristics of this strain with crude oil as sole carbon source, four different crude oils gathered from Xinjiang, Zhongchakou, DaqingJiangqiao, Menggulin oil reservoirs were used. The biodegradation effect on four fractions (saturated hydrocarbons, non-hydrocarbons, aromatics, asphaltene and resin) of oil were analyzed by rod thin layer chromatography and the results showed that the relative contents of non-hydrocarbons, asphaltene and resin decreased in average by above 10％ after WJ-1 strain metabolism. Gas chromatography experiments indicated that the light components of saturated hydrocarbons increased, the heavy components of saturated hydrocarbons and phenanthrene of aromatics decreased. The viscosity and solidification point of four crude oils in average reduced by about 45％ and 6℃. Physical simulation studies using four different crude oils in porous media showed that the strain WJ-1 could enhance oil recovery by 4.78％, 5.15％,7.39％, 9.02％ respectively in contrast to water flooding.