内隐启动自我意识对自我控制损耗的预防作用

摘要

目的:探究内隐启动自我意识能否有效预防自我控制损耗的发生.方法:招募在校大学生志愿者60人,随机分入对照组、非自我意识启动组和自我意识启动组,每组各20人.采用句子整理任务进行内隐启动,使用数学心算任务操控自我控制损耗(包括任务难度、打草稿冲动、作答题目数、正确题目数),握力时长测试测量自我控制表现,正性负性情绪量表(PANAS)测量情绪,比较三组的自我控制损耗情况及损耗前后的握力时长和PANAS得分.结果:三组间任务难度、打草稿冲动、作答题目数和正确题目数差异均无统计学意义(均P ＞0.05).损耗前后正性、负性情绪改变的组间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).在控制了损耗前握力时长的影响后,对照组与非自我意识启动组的损耗后握力时长差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但对照组、非自我意识启动组的损耗后握力时长均短于自我意识启动组[(69.2±3.6)s、(71.1±3.6) svs.(81.9±3.6)s,均P＜0.05].结论:内隐启动自我意识可有望预防自我控制损耗.%Objective:To explore whether implicit priming of self-awareness can prevent self-control depletion.Methods:Totally 60 college students volunteers were recruited,and were allocated pseudo-randomly and equally into the control group,the non-self-awareness priming group,and the self-awareness priming group,20 volunteers in each group.The scrambled sentence task was applied in implicit priming,the mental calculation task was used to induce self-control depletion indexed by task difficulty,the impulse to write down the intermediate answers,the number of response items and correct items,the handgrip test was used to measure self-control performance,and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to measure affect.The self-control depletion,the handgrip time and the PANAS scores were compared among three groups.Results:There was no significant difference in task difficulty score,impulse score,the number of response items and correct items among the three groups (Ps ＞0.05).The group differences of the change of positive and negative affect before and after depletion were also not significant (Ps ＞0.05).After controlling the effect of the first handgrip time before depletion,the difference of the handgrip time after depletion between the control group and the non-self-awareness priming group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).However,the handgrip time in the controI group and in the non-self-awareness group were both shorter than that in the self-awareness priming group [(69.2 ± 3.6) s,(71.1 ± 3.6) s vs.(81.9 ± 3.6) s,Ps ＜0.05].Conclusions:It suggests that implicit priming of self-awareness might hold promise in preventing self-control depletion.