目的：探讨5岁以下农村儿童死亡状况、变化趋势及干预措施。方法对2003至2012年沈阳市农村5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行统计分析。结果沈阳市农村5岁以下儿童死亡率自平台期进入快速下降阶段，其中以早产/低出生体重、其他先天异常、窒息、肺炎死亡率下降明显。2008至2012年间沈阳市农村新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率下降趋势明显（χ2值分别为19．78、21．62、20．43，均P＜0．01）。5岁以下儿童死亡以新生儿和婴儿死亡为主。结论沈阳市农村5岁以下儿童的健康状况持续改善，应继续采取综合措施降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。%Objective To explore the situation of mortality of children under 5 years, change trend and intervention measures in countryside .Methods The monitoring data of mortality of children under 5 years in the countryside of Shenyang from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed statistically .Results mortality of children under 5 years entered high-speed decline stage from low-speed decline stage in the countryside of Shenyang during 2003-2012.Mortality caused by preterm and low birth weight , other congenital anomalies , birth asphyxia and pneumonia declined significantly .Neonatal mortality , infant mortality and mortality of children under 5 years showed a remarkable downward trend from 2008 to 2012 (χ2 value was 19.78, 21.62 and 20.43, respectively, all P<0.01).In death of children under 5 years, infant and neonatal death was dominant .Conclusion The health situation of children under 5 years has been improved continuously . Comprehensive measures should be taken continuously to reduce the mortality of children under 5 years.
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