BACKGROUND:Acelular dermal matrix is a cel-free natural tissue scaffold similar to human soft tissue, which is easy to shape and has non-toxic side effects. It has been used to repair the urethra and ureter. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of acelular dermal matrix on the repair of bile duct injury. METHODS:Thirty Diannan miniature pigs were randomly divided into three groups: in blank group, the bile duct was resected folowed by end to end anastomosis; in experimental group, bile duct defect model was made folowed by repair with acelular dermal matrix; in control group, bile duct defect model was made folowed by repair with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. At 6 and 24 weeks after repair, bile duct patches and surrounding tissues were taken for immunohistochemical observation and RT-PCR detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control and blank group, the expression of cytokeratin was higher, but the expression of transforming growth factor β1 was lower in the experimental group. Within 24 weeks after repair, the total mRNA level of transforming growth factor β1 was lower in the experimental group than the other two groups (P < 0.05), but the total mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the acelular dermal matrix for repair of bile duct injury can promote angiogenesis and bile duct epithelial regeneration, but not increase the formation of scars.%背景：脱细胞真皮基质是无细胞的天然组织支架，与人体软组织十分相近，易于塑形，无毒副作用，已被用于修补尿道与输尿管。目的：观察脱细胞基质修补胆管损伤的效果。方法：将30头滇南小耳猪随机均分为3组，空白对照组切断胆管后行端端吻合，实验组人为制作胆管缺损后以脱细胞真皮基质修补，对照组人为制作胆管缺损后以膨体聚四氟乙烯修补。修补后6，24周取胆管补片及其周围组织，进行免疫组织化学与RT-PCR检测。结果与结论：免疫组织化学显示，实验组细胞角蛋白表达高于空白对照组与对照组，转化生长因子β1表达低于空白对照组与对照组。术后24周内RT-PCR检测显示，实验组总体转化生长因子β1基因表达低于空白对照组与对照组(P<0.05)，总体胰岛素样生长因子2基因表达高于空白对照组(P <0.05)，总体血管内皮生长因子基因表达高于空白对照组与对照组(P <0.05)。表明脱细胞基质修复胆道损伤可促进血管及胆管上皮的再生，并且不增加瘢痕的形成。
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