锡林浩特市鼻炎患者花粉致敏的调查分析

摘要

目的 探讨内蒙古草原城市锡林浩特鼻炎患者的花粉致敏情况,分析皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)和血清特异性IgE (specific IgE,sIgE)两种检测方法诊断花粉变应原致敏的一致性.方法 集中招募锡林浩特市具有鼻炎症状的患者314例,接受病史询问、前鼻镜检查、花粉变应原SPT和sIgE检测.SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 174例(55.4％)患者至少一种花粉变应原呈阳性反应.SPT阳性率依次为艾蒿51.9％、豚草31.2％、梯牧草26.4％、桦树24.2％;血清sIgE检测阳性率依次为艾蒿47.1％、豚草34.7％、桦树21.3％、梯牧草19.7％.两种检测方法的Kappa检验显示,艾蒿、豚草、梯牧草、桦树Kappa值分别为0.731.0.318.0.560、0.416(P值均＜0.01).结论 锡林浩特市一半以上的鼻炎患者与花粉致敏有关,艾蒿花粉是当地鼻炎患者最主要的气传致敏花粉.SPT和血清sIgE检测在艾蒿花粉致敏的诊断中具有较好的一致性.%Objective To analyze the pollen sensitization among rhinitis patients, and evaluate the consistency of skin prick test (SPT) and serum specific IgE (sIgE) in detection of pollen sensitization in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia. Methods Three hundreds and fourteen patients with rhinitis symptoms were recruited in this study in a hospital setting at Xilinhot. All patients underwent medical history investigation, anterior rhinoscopy, pollen allergen SPT and slgE detection. Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS17.0 software. Results Among 314 rhinitis patients, the prevalence of positive SPT was 51.9% for mugwort, 31.2% for ragweed, 26.4% for timothy and 24.2% for birch pollen, respectively. The prevalence of positive slgE was 47.1% for mugwort, 34.7% for ragweed, 21.3% for birch and 19.7% for timothy pollen, respectively. The Kappa value of SPT and slgE was 0.731 for mugwort, 0.318 for ragweed, 0.56 for timothy and 0.416 for birch (all P<0.01). Conclusion More than one half of rhinitis patients related to pollen sensitization, and mugwort is the major airborne and allergenic pollen in Xilinhot. There is higher consistency between the results of SPT and serum sIgE in the detection of sensitization to Mugwort.