用社会互动理论认识提单的信用属性

摘要

关于提单属性,学说纷纭,莫衷一是.社会学为人们观察事物提供了一种全新的视角.运用社会学中的社会活动理论的研究方法去观察海上货物运输中历史悠久的提单及其制度,会有新的发现.目前学术界关注点主要集中在提单流转过程中的"硬性"的规则和制度,很少去解剖提单背后的"软性".在社会互动理论下,社会信用可以被认为是提单所承载的诸多"软性"中的一种.提单的社会信用属性是随着商事社会的发展经历了从"个体化""社会化""国家化"到"国际化"的变化过程.这种变化过程也体现了信用基础秩序从"身份性""经济性"到"社会性"的属性变化.围绕提单所产生的相关方的利益平衡也应该建立在此种基础秩序之上.%Sociology provides a new perspective for people to observe things.The bill of lading and her system have a long history in the carriage of goods by sea.But there will be a new discovery through sociological observation.On the basis of clarifying the transfer process of the bill of lading,this article tries to find out the"soft"attribute behind the bill of lading. Under the social interaction theory,there is a kind of social credit attached to the bill of lading.The social credit attribute on the bill of lading has a process changing from"individual","socialization"and"nationalization"to"internationalization". This changing process also reflects the change of the basic credit order from"identity","economic"to"social".The bal-ance of interests of all the parties involved in the bill of lading transfer should also be established on this basic order.