一所三级传染病医院连续5年医务人员血源性职业暴露特点

摘要

Objective To evaluate the correlation between occupational exposure and work intensity of health care workers(HCWs)in an infectious diseases hospital for 5 consecutive years,and provide reference for occupational precaution.Methods Occupational exposures cases reported between January 2010 and December 2014 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,occupation types,exposure routes,and exposure sources were analyzed.Results A total of 228 cases of occupational exposure were reported,nurses and doctors were the major exposure population(75.44%and 19.30% respectively);occupational exposure mainly occurred during the infusion process(52.19%);hepatitis B was the main exposure source (71 .05%),followed by human immunodeficiency virus (10.09%).The Pearson correlation coefficient between the occupational exposure rate of doctors and the ratio of doctors to patients was-0.849 (P <0.05),and for nurses,the correlation coefficient was -0.823 (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Nurses are high risk population of occupational exposures,occupational exposure is most likely to occur during transfusion process,occupational exposure of doctors and nurses has a strong correlation with the work intensity.%目的：探讨某传染病医院连续5年医务人员职业暴露及与工作强度的相关性，为做好职业防护工作提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2014年12月某院上报的职业暴露案例，统计分析其职业类型、暴露途径、暴露源等资料。结果共上报228例职业暴露事件，护士（75．44％）和医生（19．30％）为职业暴露的主要人群；输液过程为职业暴露的主要途径，占52．19％；乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）为主要暴露源，占71．05％，其次为人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV，占10．09％）。医生职业暴露率与医患比、护士职业暴露率与护患比 Pearson 相关系数分别为－0．849和－0．823，均 P ＜0．05。结论护士为职业暴露高危人群，输液过程中最易发生职业暴露，医生和护士的职业暴露与其工作强度相关。