我国四城市中小学生高盐食品消费及其影响因素分析

摘要

目的：了解我国四城市中小学生高盐食品消费情况，探讨其影响因素，为制定中小学生营养教育策略、预防慢性病提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，对沈阳市、广州市、武汉市、成都市9613名中小学生及其家长进行问卷调查。采用 Logistic 回归模型分析不同营养知识水平、学段、性别、家庭收入、家长饮食行为等对中小学生消费高盐食品的影响。结果过去3个月，中小学生食用薯条／薯片、方便面、加工肉制品、盐坚果、果脯等≥1次／周的比例分别是31.4％、28.8％、46.1％、35.3％和27.0％。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示，相对于对照组，城区、初中、知道钠元素影响健康、知道高盐食品、主动了解健康知识、使用营养标签选购食物、家长消费高盐食品对学生消费高盐食品影响的 OR （95％ CI）值分别为1.327（1.194～1.475）、1.409（1.249～1.589）、0.884（0.797～0.982）、0.816（0.697～0.956）、0.864（0.774～0.964）、0.845（0.765～0.933）、2.730（2.475～3.011），均是影响学生消费高盐食品的主要因素。结论我国四城市中小学生存在消费高盐食品的现象，应加强中小学生及其家长盐相关知识及行为的营养教育，引导中小学生形成低盐膳食习惯，预防慢性病的发生。%Objective To describe the consumption of high salt food and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in 4 cities,and provide scientific evidence for developing effective nutrition education program to prevent chronic diseases.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to recruit subjects.A total of 9613 primary and secondary students and their parents were selected from Shenyang,Guangzhou,Wuhan and Chengdu.A questionnaire survey was used to collect information about consumption of high salt food.Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of high salt food consumption among primary and secondary students.Results The proportion of students who consumed potato chips,instant noodles,processed meat,salted nuts,and preserved fruits was 31.4%, 28.8%,46.1%,35.3%,27.0%,respectively.As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis,the OR (95%CI)of residential area in urban,education in junior level,knowing sodium affect health,knowing what is high salt foods, learning health knowledge actively,using nutrition labeling,parents’consumption of high salt food were 1.327 (1.194 -1.475),1.409 (1.249 -1.589),0.884 (0.797 -0.982),0.816 (0.697 -0.956),0.864 (0.774 -0.964), 0.845 (0.765 -0.933),2.730 (2.475 -3.011 ),respectively.Conclusion There still existed higher frequency of consumption of high salt food among students.Nutrition intervention on salt and health for students and their parents should be conducted to guide them reduce salt intake and prevent chronic diseases.