太原市孕妇叶酸服用知、信、行调查分析

摘要

目的：了解太原市孕妇叶酸服用的知、信、行情况，更好地促进增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷项目的开展，提高婴幼儿健康水平。方法采用自行设计的问卷对2013年4—5月在太原市2所医院产科门诊及住院部的孕产妇进行调查。结果共发放问卷600份，回收有效问卷561份，有效率93.50％。有效应答的561人中，84.49％知道孕妇需要服用叶酸，大专及以上文化程度（χ2＝66.83，P ＜0.001）、30周岁以上（χ2＝101.73，P ＜0.001）、计划怀孕（χ2＝44.40，P ＜0.001）、非首次怀孕者（χ2＝11.91，P ＝0.001）对孕妇需要服用叶酸的知晓率较高。68.09％把服用叶酸当作一件重要的事情，93.23％认为购买叶酸不会增加她们的经济负担，60.43％认为不服叶酸自己的孩子也会健康出生。91.80％的孕妇服用叶酸，大专及以上文化程度孕妇（χ2＝18.06，P ＜0.001）、首次怀孕（χ2＝12.08，P ＜0.001）、30周岁以上（χ2＝11.98，P ＝0.002）孕妇叶酸服用率较高。从开始服用叶酸到现在仅39.75％的孕妇每天都在服用叶酸，30周岁以上孕妇（χ2＝17.71，P ＜0.001）、计划怀孕者（χ2＝6.67，P ＝0.01）叶酸服用完全依从率较高。结论与前期同类研究结果比较，太原市孕妇叶酸服用的认知、态度明显改善，但都还有较大的提高空间；叶酸服用依从率未达到目标要求，需要加强对孕妇叶酸服用的健康教育。%Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP)on taking folic acid among pregnant women in Taiyuan City,and provide evidence for health education in pregnant women.Methods With self-de-signed questionnaire,a survey was conducted between April and May in 2014,and the samples were chosen from Maternity clinic and inpatient department of two tertiary hospitals.Results 600 questionnaires were handed out,and 561 were valid, thus the valid rate was 93.50%.Among 561 participants,84.49% knew that pregnant women need to take folic acid,the higher awareness rates of taking folic acid were found in pregnant women who were college or above degree (χ2 =66.83,P<0.001),over 30 years old (χ2 =101.73,P <0.001),planning pregnancy women (χ2 =44.40,P <0.001),non-first pregnancy women (χ2 =11.91,P =0.001 ).68.09% of them regarded taking folic acid as an important thing, 93.23% of them believed that the purchase of folic acid would not become their economic burden,60.43% of them thought that their children would be born healthily without taking folic acid.91.80% of them took folic acid,the higher rates of tak-ing folic acid were found in pregnant women who were college or above degree (χ2 =18.06,P <0.001),first pregnancy women (χ2 =12.08,P <0.001 ),over 30 years old (χ2 =11.98,P =0.002).The women taking folic acid everyday from the beginning of pregnancy only accounted for 39.75%,higher rates of compliance were found in pregnant women over 30 years old (χ2 =17.71,P <0.001),first pregnancy women (χ2 =6.67,P =0.01).Conclusion Compared with the results of similar studies,the knowledge and attitude on taking folic acid among pregnant women in Taiyuan were significant-ly improved,but the compliance rate of pregnant women taking folic acid didn’t reach the objective.Health education should be strengthened in pregnant women in the future.