孕前体重和孕期增重对新生儿出生结局及孕产妇围产结局的影响

摘要

Objective To study the impacts of pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG)on pregnancy outcomes. Methods We adopted a prospective cohort study with cluster sampling in single pregnant women,who were not with hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia or other diseases in the previous history,neither did they have diseases of heart,liver,kidney,thyroid etc. related to current pregnancy. Those pregnant women who visited the prenatal nutrition clinic under‘informed consent’were surveyed with questionnaire to track their peri-natal complications,delivery mode and neonate birth outcomes etc. Pearson and partial correlations,chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to study the association between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI,GWG and pregnancy outcomes. Results A total of 623 pregnant women were recruited in the cohort,with 592(95%)of them eligible for analysis. Results from the Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis indicated that,after controlling the potential confounding factors,when compared to women with pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0,the odds ratios(ORs)for low birth ponderal index(PI) were 2.34[95%confidence interval(CI),1.24-4.42)]among those with BMI<18.5,respectively,while 2.73(1.12-6.68)for high birth PI among those with BMI>24.0. Similarly,when compared to pregnant women with normal GWG(defined as weight gain range from P15 to P85 by stratification of pre-pregnancy BMI),low GWG(P85)appeared the risk factor for high birth weight,high birth PI,and gestational diabetes mellitus,with ORs as 3.83(1.74-8.44),2.39(1.14-5.01) and 2.21(1.07-4.55),respectively. Conclusion Low or high pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and GWG were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.%目的：探讨孕前体重和孕期增重对妊娠结局的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究和整群抽样，对福建省妇幼保健院围产营养门诊既往无高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等病史，且本次妊娠未发现心脏、肝脏、肾脏、甲状腺等器官疾病的单胎妊娠孕妇进行问卷调查，追踪其围产过程并发症、分娩方式及新生儿出生结局等。采用相关分析、χ2检验和logistic回归分析孕前体重、孕期增重与妊娠结局的关系。结果623名孕妇纳入分析592名（95%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，在控制相关混杂因素后，相比孕前适宜体重孕妇（BMI 18.5～24.0 kg/m2），孕前低体重（BMI＜18.5 kg/m2）是低出生重量指数（PI）的危险因素（OR＝2.34，95%CI：1.24～4.42），孕前超重（BMI＞24.0 kg/m2）是高出生PI的危险因素（OR＝2.73，95%CI：1.12～6.68）。相比孕期增重适宜（孕期增重P15～P85）、增重不足（孕期增重＜P15）的孕妇，发生早产、低出生体重儿、妊娠糖尿病和低出生PI的OR值（95%CI）分别为4.85（1.35～17.51）、10.30（2.29～46.35）、2.29（1.07～4.93）和2.65（1.24～5.68）；孕期增重过多孕妇（孕期增重＞P85）生产巨大儿、高出生PI和妊娠糖尿病的OR值（95%CI）分别为3.83（1.74～8.44）、2.39（1.14～5.01）和2.21（1.07～4.55）。结论孕前低体重和超重均影响新生儿出生PI。孕期增重不足是早产、低出生体重儿、妊娠糖尿病和低出生PI的危险因素，孕期增重过多是高出生PI和妊娠糖尿病的危险因素。