水肥耦合对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响

摘要

为了解不同水、肥条件下小麦籽粒氨基酸及蛋白质含量的变化,2009～2010年度在河南省洛阳市农业科学院以“洛旱2号”小麦为材料,采用防雨棚池栽种植方式,研究了不同灌水量、施氮和施磷量及其互作对小麦籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响.结果表明:不同灌水量和施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸均有极显著影响(P≤0.01),且灌水×施氮互作效应显著(P≤0.05或P≤0.01)；而施磷对其影响不显著.小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量均随施氮量增加而增加,随灌水量增加而降低,但当灌水量超过282.0 mm、施氮量超过179.2kg·hm-2时,各指标的变化不再明显,蛋白质含量在高施氮量下略有下降.而必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的比例呈随灌水量增加而增加,随施氮量增加而降低的趋势.从不同水肥处理组合看,蛋白质和氨基酸含量以处理组合N 105P42W127[施氮量105 kg(N)·hm-2、施磷量42 kg(P2O5)·hm-2和全生育期灌水量127 mm,下同]最高,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸以处理组合N30.8P126W282最高.籽粒产量随灌水量的增加而增加,且产量高的处理其水分利用效率也较高.综合从蛋白质及氨基酸产量看,以处理组合N179.2P126W282表现最好,即施氮量为179.2kg·hm-2、施磷量为126 kg·hm-2、灌水量为282mm.%To evaluate effects of different water, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and their interactions on grain quality of winter wheat in semiarid region, the experiment was carried out in rain-sheltered condition in Luoyang, west part of Henan Province during crop season of 2009-2010. Grain protein content and contents of amino acid components were tested. The results indicated that irrigation, application of nitrogen had significant effects on grain protein and amino acids contents (P≤0.01) of winter wheat. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization also presented significant effects (P≤0.05 or =￡0.01). No significant effect of P fertilization on protein and amino acids contents was observed. Protein and amino acids contents in wheat grains increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization rate, but dropped with increasing of irrigation amount. However, as irrigation amount was above 282.0 mm, and nitrogen fertilization rate was above 179.2 kghm-2, the changes became less obvious. Protein content decreased as the nitrogen fertilization rate above 179.2 kghm-2. The trend of ETTIATT (percent of essential amino acids to total amino acids) was contrary to that of amino acids contents. The contents of protein and amino acids in wheat grains reached the highest in treatment of N|osP42W12T with nitrogen fertilization rate of 105 kg(N)hm"2, phosphorus fertilization rate of 42 kg(P2Os)hm-2 and irrigation amount during growing season of 127 mm. While ETT/ATTreached the highest in treatment of N30.8P126W282with nitrogen fertilization rate of 30.8 kg(N)hm~2, phosphorus fertilization rate of 126 kg(P2O5)-hm~2 and irrigation amount during growing season of 282mm. The grain yield increased with the increasing or irrigation, and water use efficiency was higher with high yield. Overall, N179.2P126W282; with nitrogen fertilization rate of 179.2 kg(N)hm~2, phosphorus fertilization rate of 126 kg(P2O5)-hm-2 and irrigation amount during growing season of 282 mm was the best treatment.