核酸适配体在固相萃取技术中的研究进展

摘要

Aptamers are short single⁃stranded oligonucleotides within randomly synthesized nucleic acid libraries by a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Because of specific identification for target molecule, solid phase extraction technique based on aptamers exhibits great potential for extraction, separation, purification and enrichment of trace⁃target analytes from complex samples, and it attracts more and more attention. This article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments of solid phase extraction techniques based on aptamers, including the preparation of aptamer⁃based sorbents, the solid phase extraction pro⁃cedure and the applications of aptamer⁃based solid phase extraction. Limits and prospects for aptamer⁃based solid phase extraction are also discussed.%核酸适配体是一种经由体外指数级富集系统进化技术筛选得到的随机寡核苷酸片段，该寡核苷酸片段能特异性结合靶物质。核酸适配体与固相萃取技术相结合，可以高选择性地应用于复杂样品中痕量组分的萃取、分离、富集和纯化，由此引起了广泛关注。该文综述了基于核酸适配体的固相萃取研究进展，着重评述了核酸适配体固相萃取柱的制备、固相萃取过程、面临的问题和应用前景。