新辅助化疗或新辅助化疗联合生物靶向治疗日趋成为局部晚期乳腺癌(Ⅱb~Ⅲ)的标准治疗方式，除了能降低原发肿块的临床分期，约有40%的患者能达到腋窝淋巴结的病理完全缓解，从而实现了腋窝淋巴结的降期。而对于经过新辅助化疗或化疗联合靶向治疗后经影像学评估达到腋窝淋巴结临床完全缓解的患者，其腋窝淋巴结缓解情况的预测及新辅助化疗后腋窝前哨淋巴结活检等，仍存在诸多争议，成为临床治疗选择上的难题。本文拟对近年来新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结处理的相关研究及临床试验进行分析和解读，并对新近开展的临床研究进行梳理，以期为临床提供更多参考信息。%Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with targeted therapy has been widely accepted as the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (Ⅱb-Ⅲ). Nearly forty percent of the patients who accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieved pathological complete response of axillary lymph nodes in addition to downstage the primary lesions. However, for patients with clinical complete response of lymph nodes after pre-operative systemic therapy, there are constant controversies regarding the prediction of axillary lymph nodes response and sentinel lymph nodes biopsy after the treatment. Here we design to review the latest studies about how to evaluate the axillary lymph nodes response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and try to enlighten the treatment choices in clinical practice.
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