瘤胃厌氧真菌的作用及其分子生物学研究方法

摘要

瘤胃厌氧真菌这一特殊的菌群除在瘤胃中发挥重要作用外,其分泌的高活性纤维素酶的应用价值也备受关注,因传统培养的局限性,因此,利用分子生物技术开展的研究逐渐深入.作者主要从瘤胃厌氧真菌的特点和多样性出发,厌氧真菌对结构性碳水化合物、淀粉和蛋白质的降解及在瘤胃生态环境中的作用进行了分析,并对研究瘤胃厌氧真菌的分子生物学方法如内转录间隔区(ITS)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)和宏基因组学(metagenomics)等进行了阐述,以期为瘤胃厌氧真菌的研究提供参考.%Rumen anaerobic fungi is a special flora besides in the rumen plays an important role, attracting more attention due to the application value of the secretion of high activity cellulase. Because of the limitation of the traditional culture, the use of molecular biological techniques to do research is in the ascendant. In this paper,the characteristics and diversities of anaerobic fungi,anaerobic fungal degradation of structural carbohydrates,starch and protein,and the ecological environment in the rumen had been analysed. Meanwhile, the molecular biology methods of ITS,DGGE,RFLP,RT-PCR and metagenomics were discussed, we expected to provide a reference for the anaerobic fungal research.