Triazole ring containing three nitrogen atoms, is a quite important five-member heterocycle and possesses aromaticity and rich electrons. This unique structure endows triazole moiety to readily accept protons and coordinate with various metal ions. Therefore, triazole compounds easily form supramolecular aggregates via non-covalent interaction such as coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, cation-π, π-π stacking, hydrophobic effect, van der Waals force and so on. These triazole derivatives exhibit various special properties and biological activities, and display a wide range of potential application as artificial ion receptors, materials and medicinal agents. In recent years, the related researches of triazole-based supramolecular chemistry and medicinal drugs have been becoming an extremely active, quite rapidly developing and attracting highlight area. Combining with authors' researches and referring other works from literatures in recent 5 years, this work for the first time systematically reviewed the recent advances of the whole range of triazole-based compounds as cation and anion receptors and triazole supermolecules as luminescent and magnetic materials as well as medicinal drugs majoring in antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer agents. Hopefully, this review would be helpful for the further researches and development of the triazole-based supramolecular chemistry and medicinal drugs.%三唑环为含有3个氮原子的五元杂环,唑环具有芳香性和丰富的电子,易接受质子和络合金属离子,因而三唑类化合物可通过配位键、氢键、离子-偶极、阳离子-π、π-π堆积、疏水效应及范德华力等非共价键力形成超分子聚集体,表现出许多特殊的性能及生物活性,具有广泛的应用前景,如作为离子受体、材料和医药等.近年来,关于三唑类超分子化学与医药的研究发展迅速,已成为热点研究领域.本文系统综述了三唑类化合物作为阳离子和阴离子受体及三唑类超分子作为发光和磁性材料及作为医药在抗菌、抗真菌和抗癌等方面的研究与开发近况.
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