岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析--以重庆市巫山县为例

摘要

China has entered a new period of building well-off society in an all-around way,which includes karst mountain where is sparing no effort in developing the rural construction level.It is of very important significance to analyze the special spatial distribution characteristics of the rural settlement in karst mountain for optimizing the rural settlement spatial layout and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside and the integration of urban and rural development.In order to explore the spatial characteristics of the rural settlements in karst mountain,in light of special metrics modles of distribution,dimension and shape,the paper conducts a quantitative analysis on the space differentiation of rural settlements in Wushan county,and further identifies the regional types.The results are as follows.As a whole,in spatial distribution the rural settlements in Wushan are of certain concentrating features but exist obvious regional difference.The rural settlements are of low value congregation features and are small in scale generally.In spatial form,the rural settlements in the west Wushan are characterized by good connectivity and high complex but irregular in shape;those in the east Wushan are characterized by poor connectivity and low com-plex.Overall,the rural settlements are characterized by low irregular shape in need of planning and adapting.By means of constructing space measurement index system of the rural settlements with the hierarchical cluster method, six types of rural settlement in Wushan are divided as follows:low-density point-scattered type,low-density small-mass type,medium-density stripe type,low-density irregular-mass type and high-density wide band type as well as high-density point-scattered type.Rural settlement reconstruction works in the future should be guided by the char-acteristics of different types.%为探索岩溶山区乡村聚落空间格局的特征，以位于重庆东北部岩溶广布的巫山县为研究对象，运用空间分布测度模型、空间规模测度模型和空间形态测度模型，定量分析了巫山乡村聚落的空间格局特征，并进一步划分了地域类型。分析结果表明，总体上，巫山县的乡村聚落有一定的空间集聚特征，但存在明显的区域差异；乡村聚落的规模普遍偏小，具有低值集聚的特征，空间上呈现县城西北、西南大规模农村聚落集中，东北、东南小规模零散分布的“西热东冷”的格局；在空间形态上，巫山县西部区域连接性好，但形状不规则，复杂程度高，东部区域连接性差，复杂程度不及西部区域。整体而言，巫山县的乡村聚落形状规则性差，缺乏规划与引导。通过构建乡村聚落空间测度指标体系，采用系统聚类的方法，将巫山县乡村聚落划分为6种类型：低密度散点型、低密度小团块型、低密度不规则团块状、中密度不规则条带型、高密度宽带型、高密度散点型。未来的县域乡村聚落重构需要根据不同类型的特点加以引导。