The settlements in the study area - Houzhaihe, Wangjiazhai and Maolan are divided into 5 ranks according to space scale with high resolution images (in 1963, 1980s and 2004) and GIS analysis. The evolution discipline of the settlement's distribution pattern and its relationship with traffic conditions are discussed in the paper. The results show that , (1) there are less high-rank settlement but more low-rank settlement in 1963. The high-rank settlement mainly distributes in peak-forest plain where have more water and plow-land resources; (2) from 1963 to 1980s, the development of settlement in karst mountain mainly focuses on middle- rank settlements, high and low rank settlements barely changed; (3) by 2004, the number and scale of all settlements have developed substantially, but the strength of development is bigger in the two poles (rank 1 and rank 5); (4) change in settlement rank is not only influenced by traffic conditions, but also subjected to regional economic development level and physical geography environments in karst mountain area; (5) in the future, the reconstruction of the settlement and the improvement of traffic should be focused on rank 4 settlements, but space migration toward the road sides should be done for rank 5 settlements in order to improve accessibility.%运用1963年、80年代2004年三期高分辩率影像数据源和GIS分析方法,以贵州省后寨河、王家寨、茂兰地区为例,按空间规模将聚落分为五级,并探讨其分布格局演变规律与交通条件的关系.结果表明:(1)1963年,高等级聚落个数较少,低等级聚落较多；高等级聚落多分布在水源条件好、耕地资源多而优的峰林-平原地带；(2)1963年到80年代期间,岩溶山区聚落发展主要集中于中等级聚落,高、低等级聚落变化不大；(3)到2004年,各等级聚落的数量和规模均得到了较大发展,但发展的强度主要出现在两极(1级、5级)；(4)岩溶山区聚落等级变化受交通条件影响较大,同时也受制于区域经济发展水平、自然地理因素影响；(5)今后聚落优化建设、交通条件改善应以4级聚落作为重点对象,5级聚落的重构应重点考虑空间迁移,方向为公路两侧,以改善对外通达度.
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