使用透析的方法,设计实验探讨了多粘芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的粘附对玄武岩中矿物溶解的影响,同时通过改变实验温度,探讨了岩石的微生物溶解与温度的关系.10 d的实验结果表明,在30 ℃条件下,细菌P. polymyxa及其代谢产物对玄武岩的溶解有显著促进作用,加速了橄榄石中Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出及辉石和长石中Ca、Al的溶出,而在5℃条件下,这种促进作用不明显.细菌及其代谢物的粘附能加速Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出,抑制Ca的溶出,这种不同的影响与两组元素的溶出机制不同,且粘附对各溶出机制的影响也不同有关,Al的溶出受粘附作用的影响较小.低温条件下,粘附作用对玄武岩中各元素的溶出基本无影响.%Employing the dialysis method, the authors designed experiments to probe into the effect of adhered Paenibacillus polymyxa on the dissolution of minerals within basalt as well as the effect of temperature on such adhesion-mediated dissolution. The results of ten days' experiment show that the dissolution of basalt is highly promoted by P. polymyxa and its metabolites at 30 ℃, with Fe, Mg and Mn being released mainly from olivine and Ca and Al from augite and feldspar. At 5 ℃, however, the promotion is very insignificant. Adhered bacteria and metabolites are advantageous to the release of Mg, Fe and Mn but disadvantageous to that of Ca. The reason is that these two groups of elements are released through different mechanisms which are diversely affected by adhered bacteria. The release of Al is insignificantly affected by the adhesion of bacteria. At 5 ℃, the adhered bacteria have no effect on element release.
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