渤海湾肠道病毒的季节分布及其污染类型分析

摘要

肠道病毒是一类水传播胃肠道疾病的重要病原体。为了解感染性肠道病毒在海水环境中的季节分布规律、污染类型以及与流行病学的关系，于2010年12月到2011年10月应用能够提供病毒感染性信息的细胞培养结合实时定量 PCR（ICC-qPCR）方法，分4个季节对渤海湾天津近岸海域表层海水中肠道病毒进行了监测。500 mL海水经超滤浓缩，48 h细胞培养，然后用qPCR检测得到四季海水样品中感染性肠道病毒的浓度为0.2～196 PFU/L ，平均值为60 PFU/L ，其中夏季和秋季肠道病毒浓度较高，其平均值分别为82 PFU/L和110 PFU/L。秋季阳性检出率最高（85.7％），其次是冬季（71.4％）。经测序分析，其主要污染类型是脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型疫苗株，此外，还检测出危及公众健康的一株类口服脊灰Ⅰ型疫苗脊灰和一株脊灰疫苗衍生株。由此可见，肠道病毒的季节分布和主要污染类型与临床上的流行趋势基本一致，海洋作为一个天然的受纳水体为病毒提供了良好的栖息场所和传播机会，对公众健康存在着潜在的威胁。因此，为减少相关疾病的暴发，应重点加强肠道病毒流行季节的海洋水质监测。%Enteroviruses are one of the main agents of water-borne gastroenteritis .In order to learn the relationship between seasonal distribution as well as pollution type of infectious enterovirus and epidemiology ,the integration of cell culture techniques and quantitative PCR (ICC-qPCR) was employed ,surface seawater samples were seasonally collected from November 2010 to October 2011 to identify the contamination by infectious enteroviruses in winter seawater samples of Bohai Bay ,Tianjin ,China .500 mL seawater was concentrated ,cultivated for 48h ,and then quantified by qPCR .The concentration of infectious enteroviruses were estimated at 0.2~196 PFU/L ,average value was 60 PFU/L .During the four seasons ,the concentration of enteroviruses in Summer and Autumn were 82 PFU/L and 110 PFU/L ,respectively ,which were much higher than the other two seasons .While the positive rate in Autumn is highest (85.7% ) ,followed by Winter (71.4% ) .The main contaminated type was characterized as poliovirusⅠvaccine strains by sequencing .Besides ,there were two strains of OPV-like Poliovirus TypeⅠand vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) .These results presented that the seasonal distribution and the main pollution types of enteroviruses were almost the same as epidemiology .Therefore ,the ocean as the natural container of sewage , which provides a good opportunity for virus to survive and spread .There was a potential threat to public health .In order to avoid disease breaking out ,the monitoring of enteroviruses in marine during epidemic season must be strengthened .