盐渍化土壤覆土材料理化性状及其对双孢蘑菇生长的影响

摘要

研究山西省当地盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳配制的不同覆土材料(Ⅰ:66.7%草炭土,33.3%盐渍化土壤;Ⅱ:50%草炭土,50%盐渍化土壤;Ⅲ~Ⅴ:每立方米盐渍化土壤分别添加45 kg醋糟、谷糠或高粱)的理化性状,并比较不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生长的影响,以草炭土为对照.从覆土至第一潮菇采收结束,Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土的电导率则一直保持较高水平,为1427~1980 μS/cm,第三潮菇采收时,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土电导率均显著下降;覆土第6天开始,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土的pH明显高于对照,为7.47~8.47;Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土处理的发菌天数与对照相同,Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土处理则比对照延长3 d;各处理的第一潮菇和第三潮菇的采收时间均为5 d,第二潮菇采收时间各处理间略有差异,但总产量均高于对照,其中以Ⅲ覆土处理产量最高,达21.3 kg/m2.试验结果表明,盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳均可作为生产双孢蘑菇的覆土材料.%Selected physicochemical characteristics of six different casing formulae (Ⅰ:66.7% peat,33.3% salt-affected soil;Ⅱ:50% peat soil, 50% salt-affected soil;Ⅲ:each cubic meter of salt-affected soil supplemented with 45 kg waste vinegar residue;Ⅳ:each cubic meter of salt-affected soil supplemented with 45 kg cereal chaff;Ⅴ:each cubic meter of salt-affected soil supplemented with 45 kg sorghum husk;control: 100% peat) were determined, and their effects on the growth and fruiting of Agaricus bisporus were evaluated.A gradual increase in electrical conductivity (EC) was recorded for formulae Ⅰ and Ⅱ during the period from casing to harvesting of the first flush (~17 d), and high EC values (1427~1980 s/cm) were recorded for formulae Ⅲ~Ⅴ;EC values of formulae Ⅰ~Ⅴ then decreased significantly after the third flush harvest (42 d).Six days after casing, the pH values of formulae Ⅰ~Ⅴ ranged between 7.47 and 8.47, values which were significantly higher compared with the control.In the case of formulae,Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the period from casing to full colonization of the growth substrate was the same as the control but was three days longer when formulae Ⅲ~Ⅴ were used.With all casing formulae, the harvesting period was five days for both the first and third flushes, whereas second flush harvesting times varied slightly depending on the formula adopted.Casing formulae Ⅰ~Ⅴ all generated higher yields compared with the control, with the highest yield (21.3 kg/m2) obtained with formula Ⅲ.Our data indicated that salt-affected soil combined with peat, waste vinegar residue, cereal chaff or sorghum husk can be used as the casing material for A.bisporus production.